COVID-19 in Chronic Granulomatosis Disease: A Case Report
-
Hossein Esmaeilzadeh
,
Seyed Sina Dehghani
,
Babak Shahhoseini
,
Soheila Alyasin
,
Sayyed Hesamedin Nabavizadeh
,
Aida Askari
Abstract
A novel coronavirus disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread quickly throughout the world, and it was declared a pandemic in March 2022. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a diverse group of genetic disorders characterized by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections, resulting in granulomas due to the inability of phagocytes to destroy microbes. Even though it is thought that impaired neutrophil activity is a protective mechanism against severe COVID-19-induced cytokine storms and hyper-inflammatory responses, patients with CGD have normal immunity to most viruses. Here, we present two CGD patients who were hospitalized due to severe COVID-19 infections, which suggests that COVID-19 might have a different pathogenesis than other viruses.
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27. Arshi S, Nabavi M, Bemanian MH, Shakeri R, Taghvaei B, Ghalebaghi B, et al. Phenotyping and follow up of forty-seven Iranian patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2016;44(3):226-31.
2. Bose S, Adapa S, Konala VM, Gopalreddy H, Sohail S, Naramala S, et al. Atypical Presentation of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2020 Jan-Dec;8:2324709620931238.
3. Rismanbaf A. Potential Treatments for COVID-19; a Narrative Literature Review. Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2020;8(1):e29.
4. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506.
5. CDC (2020) Multisystem Infammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/mis-c/hcp/. Accessed 11 Aug 2020
6. Soresina A, Moratto D, Chiarini M, Paolillo C, Baresi G, Focà E, et al. Two X-linked agammaglobulinemia patients develop pneumonia as COVID-19 manifestation but recover. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2020;31(5):565-9.
7. Lamichhane PP, Samarasinghe AE. The Role of Innate Leukocytes during Influenza Virus Infection. J Immunol Res. 2019;2019:8028725.
8. Russell CD, Unger SA, Walton M, Schwarze J. The Human Immune Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017;30(2):481-502.
9. Chowdhury MA, Hossain N, Kashem MA, Shahid MA, Alam A. Immune response in COVID-19: A review. J Infect Public Health. 2020;13(11):1619-29.
10. Salvator H, Mahlaoui N, Catherinot E, Rivaud E, Pilmis B, Borie R, et al. Pulmonary manifestations in adult patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Eur Respir J. 2015;45(6):1613-23.
11. Borges L, Pithon-Curi TC, Curi R, Hatanaka E. COVID-19 and Neutrophils: The Relationship between Hyperinflammation and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Mediators Inflamm. 2020;2020:8829674.
12. Babaha F, Rezaei N. Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Predisposing or Protective Factor? Am J Med Sci. 2020;360(6):740-1.
13. Li G, Fan Y, Lai Y, Han T, Li Z, Zhou P, et al. Coronavirus infections and immune responses. J Med Virol. 2020;92(4):424-32.
14. Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, Lely AT, Navis G, van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004;203(2):631-7.
15. To KK, Tsang OT, Leung WS, Tam AR, Wu TC, Lung DC, et al. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(5):565-74.
16. Dan JM, Mateus J, Kato Y, Hastie KM, Yu ED, Faliti CE, et al. Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection. Science. 2021;371(6529):eabf4063.
17. Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, Zhang S, Yang S, Tao Yet al. Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients With Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(15):762-8.
18. Gao Y, Chen Y, Liu M, Shi S, Tian J. Impacts of immunosuppression and immunodeficiency on COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;81(2):e93-e95.
19. Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, Liang HR, Chen ZS, Li YM, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J. 2020 May 14;55(5):2000547.
20. Delavari S, Abolhassani H, Abolnezhadian F, Babaha F, Iranparast S, Ahanchian H, et al. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency. J Clin Immunol. 2021;41(2):345-55.
21. Meyts I, Bucciol G, Quinti I, Neven B, Fischer A, Seoane E, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with inborn errors of immunity: An international study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;147(2):520-31.
22. Rezaei N. COVID-19 affects healthy pediatricians more than pediatric patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020;41(9):1106-7.
23. Quinti I, Lougaris V, Milito C, Cinetto F, Pecoraro A, Mezzaroma I, et al. A possible role for B cells in COVID-19? Lesson from patients with agammaglobulinemia. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;146(1):211-13.e4.
24. Hoffmann C, Casado JL, Härter G, Vizcarra P, Moreno A, Cattaneo D, et al. Immune deficiency is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 in people living with HIV. HIV Med. 2021;22(5):372-8.
25. Heyworth PG, Cross AR, Curnutte JT. Chronic granulomatous disease. Curr Opin Immunol. 2003;15(5):578-84.
26. Winkelstein JA, Marino MC, Johnston RB Jr, Boyle J, Curnutte J, Gallin JI, et al. Chronic granulomatous disease. Report on a national registry of 368 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2000;79(3):155-69.
27. Arshi S, Nabavi M, Bemanian MH, Shakeri R, Taghvaei B, Ghalebaghi B, et al. Phenotyping and follow up of forty-seven Iranian patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2016;44(3):226-31.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 21 No 4 (2022) | |
| Section | Case Report(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v21i4.10295 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Chronic granulomatous disease Coronavirus disease 2019 | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Esmaeilzadeh H, Dehghani SS, Shahhoseini B, Alyasin S, Nabavizadeh SH, Askari A. COVID-19 in Chronic Granulomatosis Disease: A Case Report. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2022;21(4):478-483.
