Original Article
  

Responses of Six-Weeks Aquatic Exercise on the Autonomic Nervous System, Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow and Lung Functions in Young Adults with Allergic Rhinitis

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis is a chronic respiratory disease. Sympathetic hypofunction is identified in all of the allergic rhinitis patients. Moreover, allergic rhinitis is associated with decreased peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) and impaired lung functions. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of six-week of aquatic exercise on the autonomic nervous system function, PNIF and lung functions in allergic rhinitis patients.Twenty-six allergic rhinitis patients, 12 males and 14 females were recruited in this study. Subjects were diagnosed by a physician based on history, physical examination, and positive reaction to a skin prick test. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. The control allergic rhinitis group received education and maintained normal life. The aquatic group performed aquatic exercise for 30 minutes a day, three days a week for six weeks. Heart rate variability, PNIF and lung functions were measured at the beginning, after three weeks and six weeks.There were statistically significant increased low frequency normal units (LF n.u.), PNIF and showed decreased high frequency normal units (HF n.u.) at six weeks after aquatic exercise compared with the control group.Six weeks of aquatic exercise could increase sympathetic activity and PNIF in allergicrhinitis patients.

1. Skoner DP. Allergic rhinitis: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, detection, and diagnosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108(1 Suppl):S2-8.

2. Ishman SL, Martin TJ, Hambrook DW, Smith TL, Jaradeh SS, Loehrl TA. Autonomic nervous system evaluation in allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007; 136(1):51-6.

3. Dixon AE, Kaminsky DA, Holbrook JT, Wise RA, Shade DM, Irvin CG. Allergic rhinitis and sinusitis in asthma: differential effects on symptoms and pulmonary function. Chest 2006; 130(2):429-35.

4. González Hernández J, Gómez Vera J, Orea Solano M, Flores Sandoval G, Ríos Nava R, de la Torre F. Airway hyperreactivity in patients with allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. Rev Alerg Mex 2003; 50(3):86-90.

5. Cirillo I, Vizzaccaro A, Tosca MA, Negrini S, Negrini AC, Marseglia G, et al. Bronchial hyperreactivity and spirometric impairment in patients with allergic rhinitis. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2005; 63(2):79-83.

6. Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Bernstein DI, Blessing- Moore J, Cox L, Khan DA, et al. The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122(2 Suppl):S1-84.

7. Kamioka H, Tsutani K, Mutoh Y, Okuizum H, Ohta M, Handa S, et al. A systematic review of nonrandomized controlled trials on the curative effects of aquatic exercise. Int J Gen Med 2011; 4:239-60.

8. Perini R, Veicsteinas A. Heart rate variability and autonomic activity at rest and during exercise in various physiological conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2003; 90(3-4):317-25.

9. Emin O, Esra G, Ufuk E, Demiri A, Ayhan S, Rusen DM.Autonomic dysfunction and clinical severity of disease in children with allergic rhinitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 76(8):1196-200.

10. Perciaccante A, Fiorentini A, Paris A, Serra P, Tubani L.Circadian rhythm of the autonomic nervous system in insulin resistant subjects with normoglycemia, impaired fasting glycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2006;6:19.

11. Papachristou A, Bourli E, Aivazi D, Futzila E, Papastavrou T, Konstandinidis T, et al. Normal peak nasal inspiratory flow rate values in Greek children and adolescents. Hippokratia 2008; 12(2):94-7.

12. Earnest CP, Jurca R, Church TS, Chicharro JL, Hoyos J, Lucia A. Relation between physical exertion and heart rate variability characteristics in professional cyclists during the Tour of Spain. Br J Sports Med 2004;38(5):568-75.

13. Earnest CP, Lavie CJ, Blair SN, Church TS. Heart rate variability characteristics in sedentary postmenopausal women following six months of exercise training: the DREW study. PLoS One 2008; 3(6):e2288.

14. Andrade Lima AH, Farah BQ, Rodrigues LB, Miranda AS, Rodrigues SL, de A Correia M, et al. Low-intensity resistance exercise does not affect cardiac autonomic modulation in patients with peripheral artery disease. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68(5):632-7.

15. Teixeira RU, Zappelini CE, Alves FS, da Costa EA. Peak nasal inspiratory flow evaluation as an objective method of measuring nasal air flow. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 77(4):473-80.

16. Taylor MA, Reilly D, Llewellyn-Jones RH, McSharry C, Aitchison TC. Randomised controlled trial of homoeopathy versus placebo in perennial allergic rhinitis with overview of four trial series. BMJ 2000;321(7259):471-6.

Files
IssueVol 14, No 3 (2015) QRcode
SectionOriginal Article(s)
Keywords
Allergic rhinitis Aquatic exercise Autonomic nervous system Outcomes Pulmonary functions
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Janyacharoen T, Kunbootsri N, Arayawichanon P, Chainansamit S, Sawanyawisuth K. Responses of Six-Weeks Aquatic Exercise on the Autonomic Nervous System, Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow and Lung Functions in Young Adults with Allergic Rhinitis. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;14(3):280-286.