Raised Interleukin-13 Levels in Cord Blood Increases the Risk of Allergic Sensitization at 5 Years of Age
-
Nevin Uzuner
,
Arzu Babayigit Hocaoglu
,
Duygu Olmez Erge
,
Suna Asilsoy
,
Ozkan Karaman
,
Zekiye Altun
,
Abdullah Kumral
,
Ozlem Tufekci
,
Huray Islekel
Abstract
The identification of early markers of atopy in cord blood of newborns at delivery may offer prediction of future allergic sensitization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cord blood interleukin-13 (IL-13) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and development of allergic diseases during the first five years of life. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected at the time of delivery from 62 newborns. The families of these newborns were asked to complete a questionnaire about age and education of parents, number of siblings, allergic diseases in family members, cigarette exposure during pregnancy and presence of pets in their house. The same subjects were evaluated when they were five years old. Venous blood samples were drawn and epidermal skin prick tests were performed. IL-13 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels were studied from the blood samples which were taken during birth and five years later. There was no significant relationship between gender, type of delivery, educational levels of parents, exposure to cigarette smoke, atopy in parents, presence of pets in the house and IL-13 and IFN-γ levels in cord blood and at five years. Higher levels of IL-13 in newborns and five years olds, were found significantly related to skin prick test positivity (p=0.004 and p<0.0001, respectively) and presence of allergic diseases (p= 0.008 and p= 0.001, respectively). Levels of IFN-γ, both in cord blood and five years after, were not related with the future of allergic status of children. Higher levels of IL-13 in cord blood may be a predictor of future development of allergic sensitization.
1. Sandberg M, Frykman A, Ernerudh J, Berg G, Matthiesen L, Ekerfelt C, et al. Cord blood cytokines and chemokines and development of allergic disease. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2009; 20(6):519-27.
2. Bidad K, Nicknam MH, Farid R. A Review of Allergy and Allergen Specific Immunotherapy. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011; 10(1): 1-9.
3. Movérare R, Elfman L, Stålenheim G, Björnsson E.Study of the Th1/Th2 balance, including IL-10 production, in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from birch-pollen-allergic patients. Allergy 2000;55(2):171-5.
4. Grünig G, Warnock M, Wakil AE, Venkayya R, Brombacher F, Rennick DM, et al. Requirement for IL-13 independently of IL-4 in experimental asthma. Science 1998; 282(5397):2261-3.
5. Novak N, Bieber T. Allergic and nonallergic forms of atopic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;112(2):252-62.
6. Wegmann TG, Lin H, Guilbert L, Mosmann TR.Bidirectional cytokine interactions in the maternal-fetal relationship: is successful pregnancy a TH2 phenomenon? Immunol Today 1993; 14(7):353-6.
7. Devereux G, Barker RN, Seaton A. Antenatal determinants of neonatal immune responses to allergens. Clin Exp Allergy 2002; 32(1):43–50.
8. Herz U, Ahrens B, Scheffold A, Joachim R, Radbruch A,Renz H. Impact of in utero Th2 immunity on T cell deviation and subsequent immediate-type hypersensitivity in the neonate. Eur J Immunol 2000; 30(2):714-8.
9. Kopp MV, Zehle C, Pichler J, Szépfalusi Z, Moseler M, Deichmann K, et al. Allergen-specific T cell reactivity in cord blood: the influence of maternal cytokine production. Clin Exp Allergy 2001; 31(10):1536–43.
10. Pfefferle PI, Sel S, Ege MJ, Büchele G, Blümer N,Krauss-Etschmann S, et al. Cord blood allergen-specific IgE is associated with reduced IFN-gamma production by cord blood cells: the Protection against Allergy-Study in Rural Environments (PASTURE) Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122(4):711-6.
11. Allam JP, Zivanovic O, Berg C, Gembruch U, Bieber T,Novak N. In search for predictive factors for atopy in human cord blood. Allergy 2005; 60(6):743-50.
12. Jones CA, Holloway JA, Warner JO. Fetal immune responsiveness and routes of allergic sensitization. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2002; 13 Suppl 15:19-22.
13. Raghupathy R, Makhseed M, Azizieh F, Hassan N, Al-Azemi M, Al-Shamali E. Maternal Th1- and Th2-type reactivity to placenta antigens in normal human pregnancy and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions. Cell Immunol 1999; 96(2):122-30.
14. Leung DY, Boguniewicz M, Howell MD, Nomura I, Hamid QA. New insights into atopic dermatitis. J Clin Invest 2004; 113(5):651-7.
15. Lima JO, Zhang L, Atkinson TP, Philips J, Dasanayake AP, Schroeder Jr HW. Early expression of iepsilon, CD23 (Fcepsilon- RII), IL-4Ralpha, and IgE in the human fetus. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106(5):911-7.
16. Williams TJ, Jones CA, Miles EA, Warner JO, Warner JA. Fetal and neonatal IL-13 production during pregnancy and at birth and subsequent development of atopic symptoms. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105(5):951-9.
17. Macaubas C, de Klerk NH, Holt BJ, Wee C, Kendall G, Firth M, et al. Association between antenatal cytokine production and the development of atopy and asthma at age 6 years. Lancet 2003; 362(9391):1192-7.
18. Kondo N, Kobayashi Y, Shinoda S, Takenaka R, Teramoto T, Kaneko H , et al. Reduced interferon gamma production by antigen-stimulated cord blood mononuclear cells is a risk factor of allergic disorders – 6-year follow- up study. Clin Exp Allergy 1998; 28(11):1340-4.
19. Shah S, Bapat M. Cord serum screening test and the newborns allergic status. Indian Pediatr 2009; 46(4):295-9.
20. Herberth G, Heinrich J, Röder S, Figl A, Weiss M, Diez U, et al. Reduced IFN-gamma- and enhanced IL-4- producing CD4+ cord blood T cells are associated with a higher risk for atopic dermatitis during the first 2 yr of life. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010; 21(1 Pt 1):5-13.
21. Hinz D, Bauer M, Röder S, Olek S, Huehn J, Sack U, et al. Cord blood Tregs with stable FOXP3 expression are influenced by prenatal environment and associated with atopic dermatitis at the age of one year. Allergy 2012;67(3):380-9.
22. Keski-Nisula L, Harju M, Järvelin MR, Pekkanen J.Vacuum-assisted delivery is associated with late-onset asthma. Allergy 2009; 64(10):1530-8.
23. McKeever TM, Lewis SA, Smith C, Hubbard R. Mode of delivery and risk of developing allergic disease. J Allergy Immunol 2002; 109(5):800-2.
24. Maitra A, Sheriff A, Strachan D, Henderson J; ALSPAC Study Team. Mode of delivery is not associated with asthma or atopy in childhood. Clin Exp Allergy 2004;34(9):1349-55.
25. Renz-Polster H, David MR, Buist AS, Vollmer WM, O'Connor EA, Frazier EA, et al. Caesarean section delivery and the risk of allergic disorders in childhood. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35(11):1466-72.
26. Pistiner M, Gold DR, Abdulkerim H, Hoffman E,Celedón JC. Birth by cesarean section, allergic rhinitis, and allergic sensitization among children with a parental history of atopy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;122(2):274-9.
27. Grönlund MM, Lehtonen OP, Eerola E, Kero P. Fecal microflora inhealthy infants born by different methods of delivery: permanent changes in intestinal flora after cesarean delivery. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999;28(1):19-25.
28. Bjorksten B. Effects of intestinal microflora and the environment on the development of asthma and allergy. Springer Semin Immunopathol 2004; 25(3-4):257-70.
29. Bager P, Wohlfahrt J, Westergaard T. Caesarean delivery and risk of atopy and allergic disease: meta-analyses. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 38(4):634-42.
30. Minty A, Chalon P, Derocq J-M, Dumont X, Guillemot J- C, Kaghad M, et al. IL-13 is a new human lymphokine regulating inflammatory and immune responses. Nature 1993; 362(6417):248-50.
31. Burd PR, Thompson WC, Max EE, Mills FC. Activated human mast cells produce interleukin-13. J Exp Med 1995; 181(4):1373-80.
32. Li T, Sim TC, Alam LR. Interleukin-13 released by and localised in human basophils. J Immunol 1996;156(12):4833-8.
33. Wills-Karp M. IL-12/IL-13 axis in allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001 ; 107(1):9-18.
34. Prokesová L, Lodinová-Zádníková R, Zizka J, Kocourková I, Novotná O, Petrásková P, et al. Cytokine levels in healthy and allergic mothers and their children during the first year of life. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2006; 17(3):175-83.
35. Graves PE, Kabesch M, Halonen M, Holberg CJ, Baldini M, Fritzsch C, et al A cluster of seven tightly linked polymorphisms in the IL-13 gene is associated with total serum IgE levels in three populations of white children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 105(3):506-13.
36. Leung TF, Tang NL, Chan IH, Li AM, Ha G, Lam CW.A polymorphism in the coding region of interleukin-13 gene is associated with atopy but not asthma in Chinese children. Clin Exp Allergy 2001; 31(10):1515-21.
37. Sadeghnejad A, Karmaus W, Hasan Arshad S, Ewart S.IL13 gene polymorphism association with cord serum immunoglobulin E. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2007;18(4):288-92.
38. Strachan DP. Hay fever, hygiene, and household size.BMJ 1989; 299(6710):1259–60.
39. Openshaw PJM, Walzl G. Infections prevent the development of asthma—true, false or both? J R Soc Med 1999; 92(10):495-9.
40. Strachan D. Family size, infection and atopy: The first decade of the hygiene hypothesis. Thorax 2000; 55 Suppl 1:S2-10.
41. Forastiere F, Agabiti N, Corbo GM, Dell'Orco V, Porta D, Pistelli R, et al. Socioeconomic status, number of siblings and respiratory infections in early life as determinants of atopy in children. Epidemiology 1997;8(5):566-70.
42. Kuyucu S, Saraçlar Y, Tuncer A, Saçkesen C, Adalioglu G, Sümbüloglu V, et al. Determinants of atopic sensitization in Turkish school children: effects of pre- and post-natal events and maternal atopy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2004; 15(1):62-71.
43. Ring J, Kramer U, Schafer T, Abeck D, Vieluf D, Behrendt H. Environmental risk factors for respiratory and skin atopy: Results from epidemiological studies in former East and West Germany. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1999; 118(2-4):403-7.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 12, No 2 (2013) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Allergy Cord blood Interferon-gamma Interleukin-13 | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
