Silencing LIMK1 Can Inhibit ROS-mediated NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway Activation and Reduce Inflammatory Injury in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) represents the final stage of multiple cardiovascular disorders. Although LIMK1 regulates cytoskeletal dynamics and contributes to cardiac fibrosis, its exact role in HF remains uncertain.
To establish an in vitro HF model, H9c2 cells were treated with isoproterenol (ISO), and LIMK1 expression was analyzed. LIMK1 was silenced using small interfering RNA to investigate its role in cell injury, hypertrophy, fibrosis, cytoskeletal dynamics, and apoptosis. Oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), MDA, SOD, GSH-Px, NADPH oxidase, inflammation, and mitochondrial function were also assessed. Furthermore, the interplay between LIMK1, ROS, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling was explored using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; a ROS inducer), diprovocim (an NF-κB activator), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC; a ROS inhibitor).
ISO treatment significantly upregulated the expression of LIMK1 in H9c2 cells. Silencing LIMK1 alleviated ISO-induced myocardial cell damage, hypertrophy, and fibrosis, inhibited Cofilin phosphorylation and F-actin expression, and reduced cell apoptosis and ROS production, thereby mitigating oxidative damage. Furthermore, LIMK1 silencing reduced mitochondrial ROS levels, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokines. However, H2O2 partially reversed the protective effect of LIMK1 silencing. LIMK1 silencing alleviated inflammatory injury by inhibiting NF-κB phosphorylation and NLRP3 expression, and these effects were partially reversed by an NF-κB activator. NAC alleviated cell damage by inhibiting ROS, and its protective effect was also partially reversed by the NF-κB activator.
In conclusion, silencing LIMK1 can suppress ROS-mediated activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, thereby alleviating cardiomyocyte injury and the inflammatory response.
1. Khan MS, Shahid I, Bennis A, Rakisheva A, Metra M, Butler J. Global epidemiology of heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2024;21(10):717-34.
2. Llego J, Bustillo KG. A Sequential Mixed Method Study on the Effectiveness of the Cardiac Enhancement Program Applied to Nursing Students. Nurs Sci Clin Practice. 2025;1(1):1-11.
3. Alnuwaysir RI, Hoes MF, van Veldhuisen DJ, van der Meer P, Grote Beverborg N. Iron deficiency in heart failure: mechanisms and pathophysiology. J Clin Med. 2021;11(1):125.
4. Roger VL. Epidemiology of heart failure: a contemporary perspective. Circ Res. 2021;128(10):1421-34.
5. Emmons-Bell S, Johnson C, Roth G. Prevalence, incidence and survival of heart failure: a systematic review. Heart. 2022;108(17):1351-60.
6. Lee H-H, Lee HA, Kim E-J, Kim HY, Kim HC, Ahn SH, et al. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and risk of cardiovascular disease. Gut. 2024;73(3):533-40.
7. Schwinger RH. Pathophysiology of heart failure. Cardiovascular Diagnosis Therapy. 2021;11(1):263.
8. Fonseka O, Gare SR, Chen X, Zhang J, Alatawi NH, Ross C, Liu W. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Heart Failure and Their Therapeutic Potential. Cells. 2025;14(5).
9. Ghiasi M. Investigating the NF-κB signaling pathway in heart failure: Exploring potential therapeutic approaches. Heliyon. 2024;10(23).
10. Zhou J, Lin H, Lv T, Hao J, Zhang H, Sun S, et al. Inappropriate activation of TLR4/NF-κB is a cause of heart failure. Cardiovascular Innovations Applications. 2022;7(1):989.
11. Kowalczyk P, Sulejczak D, Kleczkowska P, Bukowska-Ośko I, Kucia M, Popiel M, et al. Mitochondrial oxidative stress—a causative factor and therapeutic target in many diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(24):13384.
12. Xu S, Sun X, Wu J, Li K, Li X, Zhang Y, Gao X-j. TBBPA causes inflammation and cell death via the ROS/NF-κB pathway in the gastric mucosa. Ecotoxicol Environmental Safety. 2023;262:115320.
13. Blevins HM, Xu Y, Biby S, Zhang S. The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway: a review of mechanisms and inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Front Aging Neuroscience. 2022;14:879021.
14. Ashrafizadeh M. Cell death mechanisms in human cancers: molecular pathways, therapy resistance and therapeutic perspective. J Cancer Biomol Therapeutics. 2024;1(1):17-40.
15. Moradi A, Aslani MR, Mirshekari Jahangiri H, Naderi N, Aboutaleb N. Protective effects of 4-methylumbelliferone on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through inhibition of oxidative stress and downregulation of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2024;397(7):5015-27.
16. Lateef OM, Foote C, Power G, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA. LIM kinases in cardiovascular health and disease. Front Physiol. 2024;15:1506356.
17. Villalonga E, Mosrin C, Normand T, Girardin C, Serrano A, Žunar B, et al. LIM kinases, LIMK1 and LIMK2, are crucial node actors of the cell fate: molecular to pathological features. Cells. 2023;12(5):805.
18. Ribba A-S, Fraboulet S, Sadoul K, Lafanechère L. The role of LIM kinases during development: a lens to get a glimpse of their implication in pathologies. Cells. 2022;11(3):403.
19. Lateef OM, Foote C, Power G, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA. LIM kinases in cardiovascular health and disease. Frontiers in Physiology. 2024;15:1506356.
20. Chen Y, Song D, Gao J, Zhang X, Chen X. Circ-Zfp644 acts as a pro-hypertrophic mediator in an Ang-II induced in vitro myocardial hypertrophy model. Cell Biol Int. 2021;45(6):1260-8.
21. Gong C, Chang L, Huang R, Sun X, Liu Y, Wu S, et al. LIM kinase 2 activates cardiac fibroblasts and exacerbates postinfarction left ventricular remodeling via crosstalk between the canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways. Pharmacol Res. 2024;208:107347.
22. Su Q, Zhang P, Yu D, Wu Z, Li D, Shen F, et al. Upregulation of miR-93 and inhibition of LIMK1 improve ventricular remodeling and alleviate cardiac dysfunction in rats with chronic heart failure by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway activation. Aging (Albany NY). 2019;11(18):7570-86.
23. Hu L, Wang Z, Li H, Wei J, Tang F, Wang Q, et al. Icariin inhibits isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte hypertropic injury through activating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Biochem Biophysical Res Commun. 2022;593:65-72.
24. Zhao R, Zhao D, Zhu X, Li F, Xiong P, Li S, Liu J. The influence of miR-3149 on the malignancy progression of gastric cancer by negatively regulating CEACAM5. J Cancer Biomol Therapeutics. 2024;1(1):1-10.
25. He D, Yan L. MiR-29b-3p aggravates cardiac hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via targeting PTX3. Cytotechnology. 2021;73(1):91-100.
26. Liu P, Vairaperumal T, Lee Y, Tsai T. Activation of fibroblast growth factor 21 by Canagliflozin reduces high-fat diet associated obesity-related cardiac injury: a translational study from bench to bedside. Europ Heart J. 2024;45(Supplement_1):ehae666. 2897.
27. Du L, Lu H, Wang Z, Liu C, Xiao Y, Guo Z, Li Y. Therapeutic potential of ginsenoside Rb1-PLGA nanoparticles for heart failure treatment via the ROS/PPARα/PGC1α pathway. Molecules. 2023;28(24):8118.
28. Alam P, Maliken BD, Jones SM, Ivey MJ, Wu Z, Wang Y, Kanisicak O. Cardiac remodeling and repair: recent approaches, advancements, and future perspective. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(23):13104.
29. Gunata M, Parlakpinar H. A review of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury: pathophysiology, experimental models, biomarkers, genetics and pharmacological treatment. Cell Biochem function. 2021;39(2):190-217.
30. Niu J, Li Y, Song X, Liu Y, Li Y, Li Y. Cardioprotective effect of echinatin against ischemia/reperfusion injury: involvement of Hippo/Yes-associated protein signaling. Front Pharmacol. 2021;11:593225.
31. Guo M, Xu J, Long X, Liu W, Aris AZ, Yang D, et al. Myocardial fibrosis induced by nonylphenol and its regulatory effect on the TGF-β1/LIMK1 signaling pathway. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024;272:116110.
32. Cen Y, Xiong Y, Qin R, Tao H, Yang Q, Pan X. Anti-malarial artesunate ameliorates atherosclerosis by modulating arterial inflammatory responses via inhibiting the NF-κB–NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1123700.
33. Huang Y, Xu W, Zhou R. NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell death. Cell Mol Immunol. 2021;18(9):2114-27.
34. Noh J-M, Choi S-C, Song M-H, Kim KS, Jun S, Park JH, et al. The Activation of the LIMK/Cofilin Signaling Pathway via Extracellular Matrix–Integrin Interactions Is Critical for the Generation of Mature and Vascularized Cardiac Organoids. Cells. 2023;12(16):2029.
35. Guo M, Xu J, Long X, Liu W, Aris AZ, Yang D, et al. Myocardial fibrosis induced by nonylphenol and its regulatory effect on the TGF-β1/LIMK1 signaling pathway. Ecotoxicol Environmental Safety. 2024;272:116110.
36. Xiang M, Lu Y, Xin L, Gao J, Shang C, Jiang Z, et al. Role of oxidative stress in reperfusion following myocardial ischemia and its treatments. Oxidative Med Cell longevity. 2021;2021(1):6614009.
37. Yan Q, Liu S, Sun Y, Chen C, Yang S, Lin M, et al. Targeting oxidative stress as a preventive and therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease. J Trans Med. 2023;21(1):519.
38. Akhigbe R, Ajayi A. The impact of reactive oxygen species in the development of cardiometabolic disorders: a review. Lipids Health Dis. 2021;20(1):23.
39. Zadorozny L, Du J, Supanekar N, Annamalai K, Yu Q, Wang M. Caveolin and oxidative stress in cardiac pathology. Front Physiol. 2025;16:1550647.
40. Yi C, Song M, Sun L, Si L, Yu D, Li B, et al. Asiatic acid alleviates myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury by inhibiting the ROS‐mediated mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis pathway. Oxidative Med Cell Longevity. 2022;2022(1):3267450.
41. Xu Z, Li J, Su B, Gao H, Ren M, Lin Y, Shen H. A role of ROS-dependent defects in mitochondrial dynamic and autophagy in carbon black nanoparticle-mediated myocardial cell damage. Free Radical Biol Med. 2024;220:249-61.
42. Hinton Jr A, Claypool SM, Neikirk K, Senoo N, Wanjalla CN, Kirabo A, Williams CR. Mitochondrial structure and function in human heart failure. Circul Res. 2024;135(2):372-96.
43. Green DR. The death receptor pathway of apoptosis. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biol. 2022;14(2):a041053.
44. Zhang T, Ma C, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Hu H. NF‐κB signaling in inflammation and cancer. Med Comm. 2021;2(4):618-53.
45. Adlimoghaddam A, Albensi BC. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway is involved in ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrion. 2021;57:63-75.
46. Castillo RL, Farías J, Sandoval C, González-Candia A, Figueroa E, Quezada M, et al. Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Heart Failure Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery as a Potential Determinant of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation and Remodeling: Is SGLT2 Cotransporter Inhibition an Alternative for Cardioprotection? Antioxidants. 2024;13(11):1388.
47. Ramachandran R, Manan A, Kim J, Choi S. NLRP3 inflammasome: a key player in the pathogenesis of life-style disorders. Exp Mol Med. 2024;56(7):1488-500.
48. Liu Wb, Wang Ss, Zhang X, Ke Zz, Wen Xy, Zhao J, et al. Enhanced Cardiomyocyte NLRP3 Inflammasome‐Mediated Pyroptosis Promotes d‐Galactose–Induced Cardiac Aging. J A Heart Association. 2024;13(14):e032904.
49. Sul O-J, Ra SW. Quercetin prevents LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation by modulating NOX2/ROS/NF-kB in lung epithelial cells. Molecules. 2021;26(22):6949.
50. Donia T, Khamis A. Management of oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms and challenges. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021;28(26):34121-53.
2. Llego J, Bustillo KG. A Sequential Mixed Method Study on the Effectiveness of the Cardiac Enhancement Program Applied to Nursing Students. Nurs Sci Clin Practice. 2025;1(1):1-11.
3. Alnuwaysir RI, Hoes MF, van Veldhuisen DJ, van der Meer P, Grote Beverborg N. Iron deficiency in heart failure: mechanisms and pathophysiology. J Clin Med. 2021;11(1):125.
4. Roger VL. Epidemiology of heart failure: a contemporary perspective. Circ Res. 2021;128(10):1421-34.
5. Emmons-Bell S, Johnson C, Roth G. Prevalence, incidence and survival of heart failure: a systematic review. Heart. 2022;108(17):1351-60.
6. Lee H-H, Lee HA, Kim E-J, Kim HY, Kim HC, Ahn SH, et al. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and risk of cardiovascular disease. Gut. 2024;73(3):533-40.
7. Schwinger RH. Pathophysiology of heart failure. Cardiovascular Diagnosis Therapy. 2021;11(1):263.
8. Fonseka O, Gare SR, Chen X, Zhang J, Alatawi NH, Ross C, Liu W. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Heart Failure and Their Therapeutic Potential. Cells. 2025;14(5).
9. Ghiasi M. Investigating the NF-κB signaling pathway in heart failure: Exploring potential therapeutic approaches. Heliyon. 2024;10(23).
10. Zhou J, Lin H, Lv T, Hao J, Zhang H, Sun S, et al. Inappropriate activation of TLR4/NF-κB is a cause of heart failure. Cardiovascular Innovations Applications. 2022;7(1):989.
11. Kowalczyk P, Sulejczak D, Kleczkowska P, Bukowska-Ośko I, Kucia M, Popiel M, et al. Mitochondrial oxidative stress—a causative factor and therapeutic target in many diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(24):13384.
12. Xu S, Sun X, Wu J, Li K, Li X, Zhang Y, Gao X-j. TBBPA causes inflammation and cell death via the ROS/NF-κB pathway in the gastric mucosa. Ecotoxicol Environmental Safety. 2023;262:115320.
13. Blevins HM, Xu Y, Biby S, Zhang S. The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway: a review of mechanisms and inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Front Aging Neuroscience. 2022;14:879021.
14. Ashrafizadeh M. Cell death mechanisms in human cancers: molecular pathways, therapy resistance and therapeutic perspective. J Cancer Biomol Therapeutics. 2024;1(1):17-40.
15. Moradi A, Aslani MR, Mirshekari Jahangiri H, Naderi N, Aboutaleb N. Protective effects of 4-methylumbelliferone on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through inhibition of oxidative stress and downregulation of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2024;397(7):5015-27.
16. Lateef OM, Foote C, Power G, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA. LIM kinases in cardiovascular health and disease. Front Physiol. 2024;15:1506356.
17. Villalonga E, Mosrin C, Normand T, Girardin C, Serrano A, Žunar B, et al. LIM kinases, LIMK1 and LIMK2, are crucial node actors of the cell fate: molecular to pathological features. Cells. 2023;12(5):805.
18. Ribba A-S, Fraboulet S, Sadoul K, Lafanechère L. The role of LIM kinases during development: a lens to get a glimpse of their implication in pathologies. Cells. 2022;11(3):403.
19. Lateef OM, Foote C, Power G, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA. LIM kinases in cardiovascular health and disease. Frontiers in Physiology. 2024;15:1506356.
20. Chen Y, Song D, Gao J, Zhang X, Chen X. Circ-Zfp644 acts as a pro-hypertrophic mediator in an Ang-II induced in vitro myocardial hypertrophy model. Cell Biol Int. 2021;45(6):1260-8.
21. Gong C, Chang L, Huang R, Sun X, Liu Y, Wu S, et al. LIM kinase 2 activates cardiac fibroblasts and exacerbates postinfarction left ventricular remodeling via crosstalk between the canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways. Pharmacol Res. 2024;208:107347.
22. Su Q, Zhang P, Yu D, Wu Z, Li D, Shen F, et al. Upregulation of miR-93 and inhibition of LIMK1 improve ventricular remodeling and alleviate cardiac dysfunction in rats with chronic heart failure by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway activation. Aging (Albany NY). 2019;11(18):7570-86.
23. Hu L, Wang Z, Li H, Wei J, Tang F, Wang Q, et al. Icariin inhibits isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte hypertropic injury through activating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Biochem Biophysical Res Commun. 2022;593:65-72.
24. Zhao R, Zhao D, Zhu X, Li F, Xiong P, Li S, Liu J. The influence of miR-3149 on the malignancy progression of gastric cancer by negatively regulating CEACAM5. J Cancer Biomol Therapeutics. 2024;1(1):1-10.
25. He D, Yan L. MiR-29b-3p aggravates cardiac hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via targeting PTX3. Cytotechnology. 2021;73(1):91-100.
26. Liu P, Vairaperumal T, Lee Y, Tsai T. Activation of fibroblast growth factor 21 by Canagliflozin reduces high-fat diet associated obesity-related cardiac injury: a translational study from bench to bedside. Europ Heart J. 2024;45(Supplement_1):ehae666. 2897.
27. Du L, Lu H, Wang Z, Liu C, Xiao Y, Guo Z, Li Y. Therapeutic potential of ginsenoside Rb1-PLGA nanoparticles for heart failure treatment via the ROS/PPARα/PGC1α pathway. Molecules. 2023;28(24):8118.
28. Alam P, Maliken BD, Jones SM, Ivey MJ, Wu Z, Wang Y, Kanisicak O. Cardiac remodeling and repair: recent approaches, advancements, and future perspective. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(23):13104.
29. Gunata M, Parlakpinar H. A review of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury: pathophysiology, experimental models, biomarkers, genetics and pharmacological treatment. Cell Biochem function. 2021;39(2):190-217.
30. Niu J, Li Y, Song X, Liu Y, Li Y, Li Y. Cardioprotective effect of echinatin against ischemia/reperfusion injury: involvement of Hippo/Yes-associated protein signaling. Front Pharmacol. 2021;11:593225.
31. Guo M, Xu J, Long X, Liu W, Aris AZ, Yang D, et al. Myocardial fibrosis induced by nonylphenol and its regulatory effect on the TGF-β1/LIMK1 signaling pathway. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024;272:116110.
32. Cen Y, Xiong Y, Qin R, Tao H, Yang Q, Pan X. Anti-malarial artesunate ameliorates atherosclerosis by modulating arterial inflammatory responses via inhibiting the NF-κB–NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1123700.
33. Huang Y, Xu W, Zhou R. NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell death. Cell Mol Immunol. 2021;18(9):2114-27.
34. Noh J-M, Choi S-C, Song M-H, Kim KS, Jun S, Park JH, et al. The Activation of the LIMK/Cofilin Signaling Pathway via Extracellular Matrix–Integrin Interactions Is Critical for the Generation of Mature and Vascularized Cardiac Organoids. Cells. 2023;12(16):2029.
35. Guo M, Xu J, Long X, Liu W, Aris AZ, Yang D, et al. Myocardial fibrosis induced by nonylphenol and its regulatory effect on the TGF-β1/LIMK1 signaling pathway. Ecotoxicol Environmental Safety. 2024;272:116110.
36. Xiang M, Lu Y, Xin L, Gao J, Shang C, Jiang Z, et al. Role of oxidative stress in reperfusion following myocardial ischemia and its treatments. Oxidative Med Cell longevity. 2021;2021(1):6614009.
37. Yan Q, Liu S, Sun Y, Chen C, Yang S, Lin M, et al. Targeting oxidative stress as a preventive and therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease. J Trans Med. 2023;21(1):519.
38. Akhigbe R, Ajayi A. The impact of reactive oxygen species in the development of cardiometabolic disorders: a review. Lipids Health Dis. 2021;20(1):23.
39. Zadorozny L, Du J, Supanekar N, Annamalai K, Yu Q, Wang M. Caveolin and oxidative stress in cardiac pathology. Front Physiol. 2025;16:1550647.
40. Yi C, Song M, Sun L, Si L, Yu D, Li B, et al. Asiatic acid alleviates myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury by inhibiting the ROS‐mediated mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis pathway. Oxidative Med Cell Longevity. 2022;2022(1):3267450.
41. Xu Z, Li J, Su B, Gao H, Ren M, Lin Y, Shen H. A role of ROS-dependent defects in mitochondrial dynamic and autophagy in carbon black nanoparticle-mediated myocardial cell damage. Free Radical Biol Med. 2024;220:249-61.
42. Hinton Jr A, Claypool SM, Neikirk K, Senoo N, Wanjalla CN, Kirabo A, Williams CR. Mitochondrial structure and function in human heart failure. Circul Res. 2024;135(2):372-96.
43. Green DR. The death receptor pathway of apoptosis. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biol. 2022;14(2):a041053.
44. Zhang T, Ma C, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Hu H. NF‐κB signaling in inflammation and cancer. Med Comm. 2021;2(4):618-53.
45. Adlimoghaddam A, Albensi BC. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway is involved in ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrion. 2021;57:63-75.
46. Castillo RL, Farías J, Sandoval C, González-Candia A, Figueroa E, Quezada M, et al. Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Heart Failure Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery as a Potential Determinant of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation and Remodeling: Is SGLT2 Cotransporter Inhibition an Alternative for Cardioprotection? Antioxidants. 2024;13(11):1388.
47. Ramachandran R, Manan A, Kim J, Choi S. NLRP3 inflammasome: a key player in the pathogenesis of life-style disorders. Exp Mol Med. 2024;56(7):1488-500.
48. Liu Wb, Wang Ss, Zhang X, Ke Zz, Wen Xy, Zhao J, et al. Enhanced Cardiomyocyte NLRP3 Inflammasome‐Mediated Pyroptosis Promotes d‐Galactose–Induced Cardiac Aging. J A Heart Association. 2024;13(14):e032904.
49. Sul O-J, Ra SW. Quercetin prevents LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation by modulating NOX2/ROS/NF-kB in lung epithelial cells. Molecules. 2021;26(22):6949.
50. Donia T, Khamis A. Management of oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms and challenges. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021;28(26):34121-53.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Articles in Press | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Heart failure Inflammation LIM domain kinase 1 Nuclear factor-kappa B NLRP3 inflammasome Reactive oxygen species | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Huang Z, Zeng Y, Huang X, Huang L, He Y, Zhou Y. Silencing LIMK1 Can Inhibit ROS-mediated NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway Activation and Reduce Inflammatory Injury in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2026;:1-20.
