Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of an Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Candidate in a Mice Model
-
Danyal Imani
,
Tannaz Bahadori
,
Mohammad Ali Judaki
,
Maryam Mobini
,
Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
,
Mohammad Mehdi Amiri
,
Fazel Shokri
Abstract
Acellular pertussis vaccines (aPVs) have been developed as an alternative to whole-cell pertussis vaccines (wPVs) due to their similar efficacy but reduced reactogenicity. The aPV contains three or more immunogenic components of BP. We aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective potency of an aPV vaccine produced in our laboratory consisting of pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (PRN) in mice.
The aPV components were produced and purified from the supernatant and pellet of the bacterial culture. Two doses of formulated vaccine in parallel with two commercial vaccines, were administered intraperitoneally (IP) in mice at 3-week intervals. Antibody titers against aPV antigens were measured by ELISA after primary and booster vaccinations. To assess the protective efficacy, an intranasal challenge with a live pathogenic BP strain was conducted two weeks after the booster vaccination, and bacterial count (colony-forming unit, CFU) in the lungs was conducted two hours and ten days after the challenge.
The results demonstrated a significant increase in antibody titers against all pertussis antigens in the serum of vaccinated groups compared to the negative control group, following both the primary and booster doses. No significant differences were observed between our formulation and the commercial vaccines. Furthermore, the CFU results showed complete eradication of infection 10 days after the challenge in all immunized groups, in contrast to the control group.
Our aPV formulation, the first aPV candidate developed in Iran, exhibits immunogenicity and protective efficacy comparable to commercial vaccines. Further investigation in human subjects is warranted.
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2. Higgs R, Higgins S, Ross P, Mills K. Immunity to the respiratory pathogen Bordetella pertussis. Mucosal immunology. 2012;5(5):485-500.
3. Stefanelli P. Pertussis: identification, prevention and control. Pertussis Infection and Vaccines: Advances in Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Public Health Volume 12. 2019:127-36.
4. Ehreth J. The value of vaccination: a global perspective. Vaccine. 2003;21(27-30):4105-17.
5. Organization WH. Pertussis vaccines: WHO position paper. Weekly Epidemiological Record= Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire. 2010;85(40):385-400.
6. Cody CL, Baraff LJ, Cherry JD, Marcy SM, Manclark CR. Nature and rates of adverse reactions associated with DTP and DT immunizations in infants and children. Pediatrics. 1981;68(5):650-60.
7. Long SS, Deforest A, Smith DG, Lazaro C, Wassilak SG, Associates PP. Longitudinal study of adverse reactions following diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine in infancy. Pediatrics. 1990;85(3):294-302.
8. Tanriover MD, Soyler C, Ascioglu S, Cankurtaran M, Unal S. Low seroprevalance of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis in ambulatory adult patients: the need for lifelong vaccination. European journal of internal medicine. 2014;25(6):528-32.
9. Hewlett EL. Pertussis in adults: possible use of booster doses for control. The Tokai Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine. 1988;13:125-8.
10. Gangarosa EJ, Galazka AM, Wolfe CR, Phillips LM, Miller E, Chen RT, et al. Impact of anti-vaccine movements on pertussis control: the untold story. The Lancet. 1998;351(9099):356-61.
11. Pichichero ME. Acellular pertussis vaccines: towards an improved safety profile. Drug safety. 1996;15(5):311-24.
12. Schmidtke AJ, Boney KO, Martin SW, Skoff TH, Tondella ML, Tatti KM. Population diversity among Bordetella pertussis isolates, United States, 1935–2009. Emerging infectious diseases. 2012;18(8):1248.
13. Pichichero ME, Rennels MB, Edwards KM, Blatter MM, Marshall GS, Bologa M, et al. Combined tetanus, diphtheria, and 5-component pertussis vaccine for use in adolescents and adults. Jama. 2005;293(24):3003-11.
14. Bernstein HH, Noriega F, Group MAPS. Immunogenicity and safety of a combined diphtheria, tetanus, 5-component acellular pertussis, inactivated poliomyelitis, Haemophilus type b conjugate vaccine when administered concurrently with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A randomized, open-label, phase 3 study. Vaccine. 2011;29(11):2212-21.
15. Chamberlain AT, Seib K, Ault KA, Rosenberg ES, Frew PM, Cortes M, et al. Impact of a multi-component antenatal vaccine promotion package on improving knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about influenza and Tdap vaccination during pregnancy. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2016;12(8):2017-24.
16. Moradi-Lakeh M, Esteghamati A. National Immunization Program in Iran: whys and why nots. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. 2013;9(1):112-4.
17. Organization WH. https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.WHS3_43?lang=en. 2023.
18. Halperin SA, Smith B, Russell M, Hasselback P, Guasparini R, Skowronski D, et al. An adult formulation of a five-component acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids is safe and immunogenic in adolescents and adults. Vaccine. 2000;18(14):1312-9.
19. Josefsberg JO, Buckland B. Vaccine process technology. Biotechnology and bioengineering. 2012;109(6):1443-60.
20. Vilajeliu A, Ferrer L, Munrós J, Goncé A, López M, Costa J, et al. Pertussis vaccination during pregnancy: antibody persistence in infants. Vaccine. 2016;34(33):3719-22.
21. Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Li Z, Liu Y, Zhang S, et al. Purification design and practice for pertactin, the third component of acellular pertussis vaccine, from Bordetella pertussis. Vaccine. 2016;34(34):4032-9.
22. Tan LU, Fahim RE, Jackson G, Phillips K, Wah P, Alkema D, et al. A novel process for preparing an acellular pertussis vaccine composed of non-pyrogenic toxoids of pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin. Molecular immunology. 1991;28(3):251-5.
23. Skelton SK, Wong K. Simple, efficient purification of filamentous hemagglutinin and pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis by hydrophobic and affinity interaction. Journal of clinical microbiology. 1990;28(5):1062-5.
24. Gould-Kostka JL, Burns DL, Brennan MJ, Manclark CR. Purification and analysis of the antigenicity of a 69000 Da protein from Bordetella pertussis. FEMS microbiology letters. 1990;67(3):285-9.
25. Özcengiz E, Kılınç K, Büyüktanır Ö, Günalp A. Rapid purification of pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) by cation-exchange chromatography. Vaccine. 2004;22(11-12):1570-5.
26. Series WTR. World Health Organization Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. Recommendations to assure the quality, safety and efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccines. 2013(979:):187–260.
27. Boursaux-Eude C, Thiberge S, Carletti G, Guiso N. Intranasal murine model of Bordetella pertussis infection: II. Sequence variation and protection induced by a tricomponent acellular vaccine. Vaccine. 1999;17(20-21):2651-60.
28. Guiso N, Capiau C, Carletti G, Poolman J, Hauser P. Intranasal murine model of Bordetella pertussis infection. I. Prediction of protection in human infants by acellular vaccines. Vaccine. 1999;17(19):2366-76.
29. Imaizumi A, Suzuki Y, Ono S, Sato H, Sato Y. Effect of heptakis (2, 6-O-dimethyl) beta-cyclodextrin on the production of pertussis toxin by Bordetella pertussis. Infection and Immunity. 1983;41(3):1138-43.
30. Oh H, Kim B-G, Nam K-T, Hong S-H, Ahn D-H, Choi G-S, et al. Characterization of the carbohydrate binding and ADP-ribosyltransferase activities of chemically detoxified pertussis toxins. Vaccine. 2013;31(29):2988-93.
31. Imani D, Bahadori T, Ghourchian S, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Douraghi M, Jeddi-Tehrani M, et al. Novel mouse monoclonal antibodies against Bordetella pertussis pertactin antigen with versatile applications. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 2023;211:106786.
32. Żak MM, Stock A, Stadlbauer D, Zhang W, Cummings K, Marsiglia W, et al. Development and characterization of a quantitative ELISA to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies. Heliyon. 2021;7(12).
33. Kwon HJ, Han SB, Kim BR, Kang KR, Huh DH, Choi GS, et al. Assessment of safety and efficacy against Bordetella pertussis of a new tetanus-reduced dose diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine in a murine model. BMC infectious diseases. 2017;17:1-8.
34. Kruger NJ. The Bradford method for protein quantitation. The protein protocols handbook. 2009:17-24.
35. Decker MD, Edwards KM. Pertussis (whooping cough). The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021;224(Supplement_4):S310-S20.
36. Nieves DJ, Heininger U. Bordetella pertussis. Emerging Infections 10. 2016:311-39.
37. Kuchar E, Karlikowska-Skwarnik M, Han S, Nitsch-Osuch A. Pertussis: history of the disease and current prevention failure. Pulmonary dysfunction and disease. 2016:77-82.
38. Patterson J, Kagina BM, Gold M, Hussey GD, Muloiwa R. Comparison of adverse events following immunisation with acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines: A systematic review. Vaccine. 2018;36(40):6007-16.
39. Vermeer-de Bondt PE, Labadie J, Rümke HC. Rate of recurrent collapse after vaccination with whole cell pertussis vaccine: follow up study. BMJ. 1998;316(7135):902-3.
40. Esposito S, Principi N. Immunization against pertussis in adolescents and adults. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2016;22:S89-S95.
41. Fabricius G, Bergero PE, Ormazabal ME, Maltz AL, Hozbor DF. Modelling pertussis transmission to evaluate the effectiveness of an adolescent booster in Argentina. Epidemiology & Infection. 2013;141(4):718-34.
42. Crowcroft NS, Pebody RG. Recent developments in pertussis. The Lancet. 2006;367(9526):1926-36.
43. Liko J, Robison SG, Cieslak PR. Priming with whole-cell versus acellular pertussis vaccine. New England Journal of Medicine. 2013;368(6):581-2.
44. Sato Y, Sato H. Development of acellular pertussis vaccines. Biologicals. 1999;27(2):61-9.
45. Ward JI, Cherry JD, Chang S-J, Partridge S, Keitel W, Edwards K, et al. Bordetella pertussis infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated adolescents and adults, as assessed in a national prospective randomized Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Trial (APERT). Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2006;43(2):151-7.
46. Stehr K, Cherry JD, Heininger U, Schmitt-Grohé S, Uberall M, Laussucq S, et al. A comparative efficacy trial in Germany in infants who received either the Lederle/Takeda acellular pertussis component DTP (DTaP) vaccine, the Lederle whole-cell component DTP vaccine, or DT vaccine. Pediatrics. 1998;101(1):1-11.
47. Xu Y, Tan Y, Asokanathan C, Zhang S, Xing D, Wang J. Characterization of co-purified acellular pertussis vaccines. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. 2015;11(2):421-7.
48. Dewan KK, Linz B, DeRocco SE, Harvill ET. Acellular pertussis vaccine components: today and tomorrow. Vaccines. 2020;8(2):217.
49. Rumbo M, Hozbor D. Development of improved pertussis vaccine. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. 2014;10(8):2450-3.
50. Locht C. Pertussis: acellular, whole-cell, new vaccines, what to choose? Expert review of vaccines. 2016;15(6):671-3.
51. Mégret F, Alouf JE. A simple novel approach for the purification of pertussis toxin. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 1988;51(2-3):159-62.
52. Quintana-Vázquez D, Delgado M, Lemos G, Coizeau E, Ramos Y, Támbara Y, et al. Assessment of the Bordetella pertussis BpCNIC0311 strain as a producing strain of genetically detoxified Toxoid (PTg), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and type 2 Pertactin (Prn2). J Infect Dis Ther. 2015;3(s1).
53. van den Berg BM, David S, Beekhuizen H, Mooi FR, van Furth R. Protection and humoral immune responses against Bordetella pertussis infection in mice immunized with acellular or cellular pertussis immunogens. Vaccine. 2000;19(9-10):1118-28.
54. Rice TF, Diavatopoulos DA, Guo Y, Donaldson B, Bouqueau M, Bosanquet A, et al. Modification of innate immune responses to Bordetella pertussis in babies from pertussis vaccinated pregnancies. EBioMedicine. 2021;72:103612.
55. Organization WH. Recommendations to assure the quality, safety and efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccines Replacement of Annex 2 of WHO Technical Report Series, No. 878. 2006:187-260.
56. Commission EP, Medicines EDftQo, Healthcare. European Pharmacopoeia: Council of Europe; 2013.
57. Han SB, Kang KR, Huh DH, Lee HC, Lee SY, Kim J-H, et al. Preliminary study on the immunogenicity of a newly developed GCC Tdap vaccine and its protection efficacy against Bordetella pertussis in a murine intranasal challenge model. Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research. 2015;4(1):75-82.
58. Kang KR, Huh DH, Kim JA, Kang JH. Immunogenicity of a new enhanced tetanus-reduced dose diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine against Bordetella pertussis in a murine model. BMC immunology. 2021;22(1):1-8.
2. Higgs R, Higgins S, Ross P, Mills K. Immunity to the respiratory pathogen Bordetella pertussis. Mucosal immunology. 2012;5(5):485-500.
3. Stefanelli P. Pertussis: identification, prevention and control. Pertussis Infection and Vaccines: Advances in Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Public Health Volume 12. 2019:127-36.
4. Ehreth J. The value of vaccination: a global perspective. Vaccine. 2003;21(27-30):4105-17.
5. Organization WH. Pertussis vaccines: WHO position paper. Weekly Epidemiological Record= Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire. 2010;85(40):385-400.
6. Cody CL, Baraff LJ, Cherry JD, Marcy SM, Manclark CR. Nature and rates of adverse reactions associated with DTP and DT immunizations in infants and children. Pediatrics. 1981;68(5):650-60.
7. Long SS, Deforest A, Smith DG, Lazaro C, Wassilak SG, Associates PP. Longitudinal study of adverse reactions following diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine in infancy. Pediatrics. 1990;85(3):294-302.
8. Tanriover MD, Soyler C, Ascioglu S, Cankurtaran M, Unal S. Low seroprevalance of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis in ambulatory adult patients: the need for lifelong vaccination. European journal of internal medicine. 2014;25(6):528-32.
9. Hewlett EL. Pertussis in adults: possible use of booster doses for control. The Tokai Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine. 1988;13:125-8.
10. Gangarosa EJ, Galazka AM, Wolfe CR, Phillips LM, Miller E, Chen RT, et al. Impact of anti-vaccine movements on pertussis control: the untold story. The Lancet. 1998;351(9099):356-61.
11. Pichichero ME. Acellular pertussis vaccines: towards an improved safety profile. Drug safety. 1996;15(5):311-24.
12. Schmidtke AJ, Boney KO, Martin SW, Skoff TH, Tondella ML, Tatti KM. Population diversity among Bordetella pertussis isolates, United States, 1935–2009. Emerging infectious diseases. 2012;18(8):1248.
13. Pichichero ME, Rennels MB, Edwards KM, Blatter MM, Marshall GS, Bologa M, et al. Combined tetanus, diphtheria, and 5-component pertussis vaccine for use in adolescents and adults. Jama. 2005;293(24):3003-11.
14. Bernstein HH, Noriega F, Group MAPS. Immunogenicity and safety of a combined diphtheria, tetanus, 5-component acellular pertussis, inactivated poliomyelitis, Haemophilus type b conjugate vaccine when administered concurrently with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A randomized, open-label, phase 3 study. Vaccine. 2011;29(11):2212-21.
15. Chamberlain AT, Seib K, Ault KA, Rosenberg ES, Frew PM, Cortes M, et al. Impact of a multi-component antenatal vaccine promotion package on improving knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about influenza and Tdap vaccination during pregnancy. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2016;12(8):2017-24.
16. Moradi-Lakeh M, Esteghamati A. National Immunization Program in Iran: whys and why nots. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. 2013;9(1):112-4.
17. Organization WH. https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.WHS3_43?lang=en. 2023.
18. Halperin SA, Smith B, Russell M, Hasselback P, Guasparini R, Skowronski D, et al. An adult formulation of a five-component acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids is safe and immunogenic in adolescents and adults. Vaccine. 2000;18(14):1312-9.
19. Josefsberg JO, Buckland B. Vaccine process technology. Biotechnology and bioengineering. 2012;109(6):1443-60.
20. Vilajeliu A, Ferrer L, Munrós J, Goncé A, López M, Costa J, et al. Pertussis vaccination during pregnancy: antibody persistence in infants. Vaccine. 2016;34(33):3719-22.
21. Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Li Z, Liu Y, Zhang S, et al. Purification design and practice for pertactin, the third component of acellular pertussis vaccine, from Bordetella pertussis. Vaccine. 2016;34(34):4032-9.
22. Tan LU, Fahim RE, Jackson G, Phillips K, Wah P, Alkema D, et al. A novel process for preparing an acellular pertussis vaccine composed of non-pyrogenic toxoids of pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin. Molecular immunology. 1991;28(3):251-5.
23. Skelton SK, Wong K. Simple, efficient purification of filamentous hemagglutinin and pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis by hydrophobic and affinity interaction. Journal of clinical microbiology. 1990;28(5):1062-5.
24. Gould-Kostka JL, Burns DL, Brennan MJ, Manclark CR. Purification and analysis of the antigenicity of a 69000 Da protein from Bordetella pertussis. FEMS microbiology letters. 1990;67(3):285-9.
25. Özcengiz E, Kılınç K, Büyüktanır Ö, Günalp A. Rapid purification of pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) by cation-exchange chromatography. Vaccine. 2004;22(11-12):1570-5.
26. Series WTR. World Health Organization Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. Recommendations to assure the quality, safety and efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccines. 2013(979:):187–260.
27. Boursaux-Eude C, Thiberge S, Carletti G, Guiso N. Intranasal murine model of Bordetella pertussis infection: II. Sequence variation and protection induced by a tricomponent acellular vaccine. Vaccine. 1999;17(20-21):2651-60.
28. Guiso N, Capiau C, Carletti G, Poolman J, Hauser P. Intranasal murine model of Bordetella pertussis infection. I. Prediction of protection in human infants by acellular vaccines. Vaccine. 1999;17(19):2366-76.
29. Imaizumi A, Suzuki Y, Ono S, Sato H, Sato Y. Effect of heptakis (2, 6-O-dimethyl) beta-cyclodextrin on the production of pertussis toxin by Bordetella pertussis. Infection and Immunity. 1983;41(3):1138-43.
30. Oh H, Kim B-G, Nam K-T, Hong S-H, Ahn D-H, Choi G-S, et al. Characterization of the carbohydrate binding and ADP-ribosyltransferase activities of chemically detoxified pertussis toxins. Vaccine. 2013;31(29):2988-93.
31. Imani D, Bahadori T, Ghourchian S, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Douraghi M, Jeddi-Tehrani M, et al. Novel mouse monoclonal antibodies against Bordetella pertussis pertactin antigen with versatile applications. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 2023;211:106786.
32. Żak MM, Stock A, Stadlbauer D, Zhang W, Cummings K, Marsiglia W, et al. Development and characterization of a quantitative ELISA to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies. Heliyon. 2021;7(12).
33. Kwon HJ, Han SB, Kim BR, Kang KR, Huh DH, Choi GS, et al. Assessment of safety and efficacy against Bordetella pertussis of a new tetanus-reduced dose diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine in a murine model. BMC infectious diseases. 2017;17:1-8.
34. Kruger NJ. The Bradford method for protein quantitation. The protein protocols handbook. 2009:17-24.
35. Decker MD, Edwards KM. Pertussis (whooping cough). The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021;224(Supplement_4):S310-S20.
36. Nieves DJ, Heininger U. Bordetella pertussis. Emerging Infections 10. 2016:311-39.
37. Kuchar E, Karlikowska-Skwarnik M, Han S, Nitsch-Osuch A. Pertussis: history of the disease and current prevention failure. Pulmonary dysfunction and disease. 2016:77-82.
38. Patterson J, Kagina BM, Gold M, Hussey GD, Muloiwa R. Comparison of adverse events following immunisation with acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines: A systematic review. Vaccine. 2018;36(40):6007-16.
39. Vermeer-de Bondt PE, Labadie J, Rümke HC. Rate of recurrent collapse after vaccination with whole cell pertussis vaccine: follow up study. BMJ. 1998;316(7135):902-3.
40. Esposito S, Principi N. Immunization against pertussis in adolescents and adults. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2016;22:S89-S95.
41. Fabricius G, Bergero PE, Ormazabal ME, Maltz AL, Hozbor DF. Modelling pertussis transmission to evaluate the effectiveness of an adolescent booster in Argentina. Epidemiology & Infection. 2013;141(4):718-34.
42. Crowcroft NS, Pebody RG. Recent developments in pertussis. The Lancet. 2006;367(9526):1926-36.
43. Liko J, Robison SG, Cieslak PR. Priming with whole-cell versus acellular pertussis vaccine. New England Journal of Medicine. 2013;368(6):581-2.
44. Sato Y, Sato H. Development of acellular pertussis vaccines. Biologicals. 1999;27(2):61-9.
45. Ward JI, Cherry JD, Chang S-J, Partridge S, Keitel W, Edwards K, et al. Bordetella pertussis infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated adolescents and adults, as assessed in a national prospective randomized Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Trial (APERT). Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2006;43(2):151-7.
46. Stehr K, Cherry JD, Heininger U, Schmitt-Grohé S, Uberall M, Laussucq S, et al. A comparative efficacy trial in Germany in infants who received either the Lederle/Takeda acellular pertussis component DTP (DTaP) vaccine, the Lederle whole-cell component DTP vaccine, or DT vaccine. Pediatrics. 1998;101(1):1-11.
47. Xu Y, Tan Y, Asokanathan C, Zhang S, Xing D, Wang J. Characterization of co-purified acellular pertussis vaccines. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. 2015;11(2):421-7.
48. Dewan KK, Linz B, DeRocco SE, Harvill ET. Acellular pertussis vaccine components: today and tomorrow. Vaccines. 2020;8(2):217.
49. Rumbo M, Hozbor D. Development of improved pertussis vaccine. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. 2014;10(8):2450-3.
50. Locht C. Pertussis: acellular, whole-cell, new vaccines, what to choose? Expert review of vaccines. 2016;15(6):671-3.
51. Mégret F, Alouf JE. A simple novel approach for the purification of pertussis toxin. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 1988;51(2-3):159-62.
52. Quintana-Vázquez D, Delgado M, Lemos G, Coizeau E, Ramos Y, Támbara Y, et al. Assessment of the Bordetella pertussis BpCNIC0311 strain as a producing strain of genetically detoxified Toxoid (PTg), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and type 2 Pertactin (Prn2). J Infect Dis Ther. 2015;3(s1).
53. van den Berg BM, David S, Beekhuizen H, Mooi FR, van Furth R. Protection and humoral immune responses against Bordetella pertussis infection in mice immunized with acellular or cellular pertussis immunogens. Vaccine. 2000;19(9-10):1118-28.
54. Rice TF, Diavatopoulos DA, Guo Y, Donaldson B, Bouqueau M, Bosanquet A, et al. Modification of innate immune responses to Bordetella pertussis in babies from pertussis vaccinated pregnancies. EBioMedicine. 2021;72:103612.
55. Organization WH. Recommendations to assure the quality, safety and efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccines Replacement of Annex 2 of WHO Technical Report Series, No. 878. 2006:187-260.
56. Commission EP, Medicines EDftQo, Healthcare. European Pharmacopoeia: Council of Europe; 2013.
57. Han SB, Kang KR, Huh DH, Lee HC, Lee SY, Kim J-H, et al. Preliminary study on the immunogenicity of a newly developed GCC Tdap vaccine and its protection efficacy against Bordetella pertussis in a murine intranasal challenge model. Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research. 2015;4(1):75-82.
58. Kang KR, Huh DH, Kim JA, Kang JH. Immunogenicity of a new enhanced tetanus-reduced dose diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine against Bordetella pertussis in a murine model. BMC immunology. 2021;22(1):1-8.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 23 No 4 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v23i4.16216 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Pertussis Acellular pertussis vaccine Immunogenicity Protective potency Bacterial challenge Animal model | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Imani D, Bahadori T, Judaki MA, Mobini M, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Amiri MM, Shokri F. Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of an Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Candidate in a Mice Model. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2024;23(4):422-436.
