The Uncomplicated Course of COVID-19 in Primary Immunodeficiency Patients: A Report of 14 Common Variable Immunodeficiency Patients
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects millions of people worldwide. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to severe viral pneumonia. CVID patients with COVID-19 infection are not adequately studied. In some studies, CVID patients had higher mortality rates, although other studies showed that CVID patients might have an uncomplicated COVID-19 infection. We describe 14 cases of COVID-19 infection in Iranian CVID patients in this study, including clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and treatment strategies. There were 29% of patients with mild disease, 43% with moderate disease, and 29% with severe disease in this study. A critical case and a death occurred in none of our patients. There were six cases of infection more than two weeks after receiving the second dose of Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine; all had mild to moderate disease. Among these patients, Remdesivir was the most frequently prescribed medication. According to this study, most of our patients presented with an uncomplicated disease course.
2. Yousefzadegan S, Rezaei N. Case Report: Death due to COVID-19 in Three Brothers. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;102(6):1203-4.
3. Meyts I, Bucciol G, Quinti I, Neven B, Fischer A, Seoane E, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 in patients with inborn errors of immunity: an international study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;147(2):520-31.
4. Singh R, Kang A, Luo X, Jeyanathan M, Gillgrass A, Afkhami S, et al. COVID-19: Current knowledge in clinical features, immunological responses, and vaccine development. FASEB J. 2021;35(3):e21409.
5. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13.
6. Chapel H, Lucas M, Patel S, Lee M, Cunningham-Rundles C, Resnick E, et al. Confirmation and improvement of criteria for clinical phenotyping in common variable immunodeficiency disorders in replicate cohorts. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(5):1197-8.e9.
7. Petricau C NI, Deleanu D. Surprising protective mechanisms against severe forms of COVID‐19 infection among common variable immunodeficiency patients—one center experience. Research Square. 2021.
8. Weifenbach N, Jung A, Lötters S. COVID-19 infection in CVID patients: What we know so far. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2021;9(3):632-4.
9. Abbott JK, Gelfand EW. Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment. Immunol. Allergy Clin North Am. 2015;35(4):637-58.
10. Abo-Helo N, Muhammad E, Ghaben-Amara S, Panasoff J, Cohen S. Specific antibody response of patients with common variable immunodeficiency to BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021;127(4):501-3.
11. Andersen JB, Midttun K, Feragen KJB. Measuring quality of life of primary antibody deficiency patients using a disease-specific health-related quality of life questionnaire for common variable immunodeficiency (CVID_QoL). J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2019;3(1):15-9.
12. Meyerowitz-Katz G, Merone L. A systematic review and meta-analysis of published research data on COVID-19 infection fatality rates. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;101(14):138-48.
13. Aljaberi R, Wishah K. Positive outcome in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 and common variable immunodeficiency after intravenous immunoglobulin. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;125(3):349-50.
14. Cohen B, Rubinstein R, Gans MD, Deng L, Rubinstein A, Eisenberg R. COVID-19 infection in 10 common variable immunodeficiency patients in New York City. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021;9(1):504-7.
Files | ||
Issue | Vol 21 No 5 (2022) | |
Section | Case Series | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v21i5.11046 | |
Keywords | ||
Common variable immunodeficiency COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccines Primary immunodeficiency |
Rights and permissions | |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |