Prevalence of Asthma Symptoms in Children and Adolescents in Karaj, Iran: A Report from the Global Asthma Network Phase I Study
-
Farimah Fayyaz
,
Kiavash Khashayar
,
Mina Rasmi
,
Ehsan Shahrestanaki
,
Hamid Asayesh
,
Marzieh Tavakol
,
Mostafa Qorbani
Abstract
This study is a part of the Global Asthma Network (GAN) phase I project to assess asthma symptoms in children, adolescents, and their parents in Karaj, Iran. The present cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019-2020 in Karaj, Iran, in alignment with the goals of the GAN study, including assessing asthma prevalence, severity, and risk factors.
In this study, 1500 students were selected using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method from 40 public and private schools in Karaj. The entire population of children aged 6-7 years or adolescents aged 13-14 years in a given school and their parents was considered the sample unit. The GAN core questionnaires were completed for students and parents.
The results showed that the response rate was 89.6%. A total of 1326 children and adolescents, 572 children aged 6-7 years, and 754 aged 13-14 years and their parents were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of ever- and current wheezing was 24% and 13.8% among 6-7-year-olds, and 18.8% and 12.3% among 13-14-year-olds, respectively. In children aged 6-7 years, parental wheezing significantly increased the chances of children wheezing (odds ratio: 3.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.70, 6.310).
The current study’s findings showed that the prevalence of asthma symptoms among children and adolescents and their parents in Karaj, Iran, was mainly higher than the findings of studies conducted in other cities in Iran.
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22. Farrokhi S, Gheybi MK, Movahhed A, Dehdari R, Gooya M, Keshvari S, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of asthma and allergic diseases in primary schoolchildren living in Bushehr, Iran: phase I, III ISAAC protocol. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014:348-55.
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24. To T, Stanojevic S, Moores G, Gershon AS, Bateman ED, Cruz AA, et al. Global asthma prevalence in adults: findings from the cross-sectional world health survey. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):204.
25. Fazlollahi MR, Najmi M, Fallahnezhad M, Sabetkish N, Kazemnejad A, Bidad K, et al. The prevalence of asthma in Iranian adults: the first national survey and the most recent updates. Clin Respir J. 2018;12(5):1872-81.
26. SHOORMASTI RS, Pourpak Z, Fazlollahi MR, Kazemnejad A, Nadali F, Ebadi Z, et al. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis and asthma among adults of Tehran. Iran J Public Health. 2018;47(11):1749.
27. Haby M, Peat J, Marks G, Woolcock A, Leeder S. Asthma in preschool children: prevalence and risk factors. Thorax. 2001;56(8):589-95.
28. Metsälä J, Kilkkinen A, Kaila M, Tapanainen H, Klaukka T, Gissler M, et al. Perinatal factors and the risk of asthma in childhood—a population-based register study in Finland. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168(2):170-8.
29. Berz JB, Carter AS, Wagmiller RL, Horwitz SM, Murdock KK, Briggs-Gowan M. Prevalence and correlates of early onset asthma and wheezing in a healthy birth cohort of 2-to 3-year olds. J Pediatr Psychol. 2007;32(2):154-66.
30. Oliveti JF, Kercsmar CM, Redline S. Pre-and perinatal risk factors for asthma in inner city African-American children. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143(6):570-7.
31. Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Waterhouse L, Matthews SM, Arshad SH. Are influences during pregnancy associated with wheezing phenotypes during the first decade of life? Acta Paediatr. 2005;94(5):553-8.
32. Martinez FD, Wright AL, Taussig LM, Holberg CJ, Halonen M, Morgan WJ, et al. Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(3):133-8.
33. Litonjua AA, Carey VJ, Burge HA, Weiss ST, Gold DR. Parental history and the risk for childhood asthma: does mother confer more risk than father? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158(1):176-81.
34. Lim RH, Kobzik L. Maternal transmission of asthma risk. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2009;61(1):1-10.
35. Lim RH, Kobzik L, Dahl M. Risk for asthma in offspring of asthmatic mothers versus fathers: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2010;5(4):e10134.
2. Pawankar R, Canonica G, ST Holgate S, locky R, Blaiss M. The WAO White Book on Allergy. 2013.
3. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Sterategy for Asthma Management and Prevention 2017 [Available from: www.ginasthma.org.
4. Kouzegaran S, Samimi P, Ahanchian H, Khoshkhui M, Behmanesh F. Quality of life in children with asthma versus healthy children. OAMJMS. 2018;6(8):1413.
5. Khoshkhui M, Jafari P, Afrasiabi M, Orooj M, Kashef S. Level of Agreement between Children with Asthma and their Parents on Quality of Life. Iran J Med Sci. 2016;41(2):86.
6. Braman SS. The global burden of asthma. Chest. 2006;130(1):4S-12S.
7. Rahimian N, Aghajanpour M, Jouybari L, Ataee P, Fathollahpour A, Lamuch-Deli N, et al. The Prevalence of Asthma among Iranian Children and Adolescent: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;2021:6671870.
8. Tavakol M, Abhari SMF, Moosaie F, Rasmi M, Bakhtiyari M, Keikavoosi-Arani L, et al. Prevalence of Asthma Symptoms in 13-14-year-old Adolescents in Karaj. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;19(6):660-6.
9. Asher M. ISAAC Phase Three Study Group: Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet. 2006;368(9537):733-43.
10. Group GANS. The Global Asthma Network Website: The Global Asthma Network 2012 [updated June 2016. Available from: www.globalasthmanetwork.org.
11. Ellwood P, Asher MI, Billo NE, Bissell K, Chiang C-Y, Ellwood EM, et al. The Global Asthma Network rationale and methods for Phase I global surveillance: prevalence, severity, management and risk factors. Eur Respir J. 2017;49(1).
12. Ellwood P, Asher I, Ellwood E. Global Asthma Network Phase I Manual. Global Surveillance: Prevalence, Severity, Management and Risk Factors Auckland, New Zealand. 2015.
13. Asher M, Keil U, Anderson H, Beasley R, Crane J, Martinez F, et al. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods. Eur Respir J. 1995;8(3):483-91.
14. Ellwood P, Asher M, Beasley R, Clayton T, Stewart A, Committee IS. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): phase three rationale and methods [research methods]. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2005;9(1):10-6.
15. Zhang D, Zheng J. The Burden of Childhood Asthma by Age Group, 1990-2019: A Systematic Analysis of Global Burden of Disease 2019 Data. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:823399-.
16. Lai CK, Beasley R, Crane J, Foliaki S, Shah J, Weiland S, et al. Global variation in the prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms: phase three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Thorax. 2009;64(6):476-83.
17. Ferrante G, La Grutta S. The Burden of Pediatric Asthma. Front Pediatr. 2018;6.
18. Fazlollahi MR, Najmi M, Fallahnezhad M, Sabetkish N, Kazemnejad A, Bidad K, et al. Paediatric asthma prevalence: The first national population‐based survey in Iran. Clin Respir J. 2019;13(1):14-22.
19. Behniafard N, Nafei Z, Mirzaei M, Karimi M, Vakili M. Prevalence and Severity of Adolescent Asthma in Yazd, Iran: Based on the 2020 Global Asthma Network (GAN) Survey Adolescents Asthma Prevalence in Central Iran. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021;20(1):24.
20. Tavacol H, Rahimi Z, Cheraghi M, Ghatfan F, Baji Z, Rahmani H. A cross-sectional study of prevalence and risk factors for childhood asthma in Ahvaz city, Iran. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2015;32(4):268.
21. Mehravar F, Rafiee S, Bazrafshan B, Khodadost M. Prevalence of asthma symptoms in Golestan schoolchildren aged 6–7 and 13–14 years in Northeast Iran. Front Medvv. 2016;10(3):345-50.
22. Farrokhi S, Gheybi MK, Movahhed A, Dehdari R, Gooya M, Keshvari S, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of asthma and allergic diseases in primary schoolchildren living in Bushehr, Iran: phase I, III ISAAC protocol. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014:348-55.
23. Sharifi H, Ghanei M, Jamaati H, Masjedi MR, Najafimehr H, Fakharian A, et al. Prevalence of Asthma and Asthma-like Symptoms: a Study in Five Provinces of Iran. Tanaffos. 2019;18(4):321-9.
24. To T, Stanojevic S, Moores G, Gershon AS, Bateman ED, Cruz AA, et al. Global asthma prevalence in adults: findings from the cross-sectional world health survey. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):204.
25. Fazlollahi MR, Najmi M, Fallahnezhad M, Sabetkish N, Kazemnejad A, Bidad K, et al. The prevalence of asthma in Iranian adults: the first national survey and the most recent updates. Clin Respir J. 2018;12(5):1872-81.
26. SHOORMASTI RS, Pourpak Z, Fazlollahi MR, Kazemnejad A, Nadali F, Ebadi Z, et al. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis and asthma among adults of Tehran. Iran J Public Health. 2018;47(11):1749.
27. Haby M, Peat J, Marks G, Woolcock A, Leeder S. Asthma in preschool children: prevalence and risk factors. Thorax. 2001;56(8):589-95.
28. Metsälä J, Kilkkinen A, Kaila M, Tapanainen H, Klaukka T, Gissler M, et al. Perinatal factors and the risk of asthma in childhood—a population-based register study in Finland. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168(2):170-8.
29. Berz JB, Carter AS, Wagmiller RL, Horwitz SM, Murdock KK, Briggs-Gowan M. Prevalence and correlates of early onset asthma and wheezing in a healthy birth cohort of 2-to 3-year olds. J Pediatr Psychol. 2007;32(2):154-66.
30. Oliveti JF, Kercsmar CM, Redline S. Pre-and perinatal risk factors for asthma in inner city African-American children. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143(6):570-7.
31. Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Waterhouse L, Matthews SM, Arshad SH. Are influences during pregnancy associated with wheezing phenotypes during the first decade of life? Acta Paediatr. 2005;94(5):553-8.
32. Martinez FD, Wright AL, Taussig LM, Holberg CJ, Halonen M, Morgan WJ, et al. Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(3):133-8.
33. Litonjua AA, Carey VJ, Burge HA, Weiss ST, Gold DR. Parental history and the risk for childhood asthma: does mother confer more risk than father? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158(1):176-81.
34. Lim RH, Kobzik L. Maternal transmission of asthma risk. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2009;61(1):1-10.
35. Lim RH, Kobzik L, Dahl M. Risk for asthma in offspring of asthmatic mothers versus fathers: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2010;5(4):e10134.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 21 No 4 (2022) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v21i4.10286 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Asthma Adults Children Epidemiology Wheezing | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Fayyaz F, Khashayar K, Rasmi M, Shahrestanaki E, Asayesh H, Tavakol M, Qorbani M. Prevalence of Asthma Symptoms in Children and Adolescents in Karaj, Iran: A Report from the Global Asthma Network Phase I Study. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2022;21(4):388-398.
