Airborne Pollens and Their Association with Meteorological Parameters in the Atmosphere of Shiraz, Southwest Iran
-
Heidar Ali Kafashan
,
Ahmad Reza Khosravi
,
Soheila Alyasin
,
Najmeh Sepahi
,
Zahra Kanannejad
,
Farzaneh Mohammad Ali Zadeh Shirazi
,
Sahar Karami
Abstract
Airborne pollen is considered one of the causative agents of hay fever, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. We aimed to investigate airborne pollens in the context of Shiraz located in the southwest of Iran and find their association with meteorological parameters.
The survey was conducted from October 2017 to September 2018, using seven days of volumetric Burkard spore trap, located in the center of the city.
A total of 5810 pollen grains/m3 belonging to 15 taxa were identified and recorded. Among them, 73.8% was the tree, while the grass, shrub, and weed constituted 13.56%, 3.5%, and 9.2% of total reported pollens, respectively. The major pollen types were Platanaceae (28.39%), Oleaceae (21.17%), Pinaceae (15.11%), Amaranthaceae (9.29%), and Brassicaceae (8.02%). A higher number of pollen counts and types were recorded in March, followed by September, while it was lower in May. Meteorological parameters were correlated with the monthly pollen counts. Wind speed was found to have a positive correlation with Platanaceae concentration. The significant correlation between pollen concentration and the temperature was positive for Poaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Plantaginaceae and negative for Rosaceae, Oleaceae, and Ulmaceae. Poaceae and Amaranthaceae were negatively correlated with humidity and positively with Rosaceae, Oleaceae, and Plantaginaceae. A negative correlation was found between rainfall and Poaceae and Amaranthaceae, while Plantaginaceae had a positive correlation with this parameter.
The results of this study may be helpful for allergologists in the diagnosis and treatment of airborne allergic disorders due to pollen grains.
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14.Shafiee A. Studies of atmospheric pollen in Tehran, Iran, 1974-75. Ann Allergy. 1976;37(2):133-7.
15.Moghtaderi M, Rajaei H, Yazdanpanah P. Survey of airborne pollen in Shiraz, Iran during 2012. Pak J Bot. 2018;50(2):785-90.
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18.Rahal EA, Halas Y, Zaytoun G, Zeitoun F, Abdelnoor AM. Predominant airborne pollen in a district of Beirut, Lebanon for the period extending from March 2004 to August 2004. LSJ. 2007;8(1):29-37.
19.Sahney M, Chaurasia S. Seasonal variations of airborne pollen in Allahabad, India. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2008;15(2):31-9.
20.Erkara IP. Concentrations of airborne pollen grains in Sivrihisar (Eskisehir), Turkey. Environ Monit Assess. 2008;138(1-3):81-91.
21.Nowak M, Szymanska A, Grewling L. Allergic risk zones of plane tree pollen (Platanus sp.) in Poznan. Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii. 2012;29(3):156-61.
22.Subiza J, Cabrera M, Valdivieso R, Subiza JL, Jerez M, Jiménez JA, et al. Seasonal asthma caused by airborne Platanus pollen. Clin Exp Allergy.1994;24(12):1123-9.
23.Chen Z, Yang Y, Chen X, Wu Z, Li S. Characterization of two pollen allergens of the London plane tree in Shanghai. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;14(2):139-48.
24.Fernández-González D, González-Parrado Z, Vega-Maray AM, Valencia-Barrera RM, Camazón-Izquierdo B, De Nuntiis P, et al. Platanus pollen allergen, Pla a 1: quantification in the atmosphere and influence on a sensitizing population. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010;40(11):1701-8.
25.Cachada A, Pereira R, da Silva EF, Duarte AC. The prediction of PAHs bioavailability in soils using chemical methods: state of the art and future challenges. Sci Total Environ. 2014;472:463-80.
26.AKBARI HE, Rezaei A. Common allergens for allergic patients in Isfahan: a clinically-based study. JRMSW. 2000; 5:8-12.
27.Ghaffari J, Khademloo M, Saffar M, Rafiei A, Masiha F. Hypersensitivity to house dust mite and cockroach is the most common allergy in north of iran. Iran J Immunol. 2010;7(4):234-9.
28.Ghaffari J. Prevalence of aeroallergens in skin test of asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema and chronic urticaria patients in Iran. JMUMS. 2012;22(87):139-51.
29.Pazouki N, Sankian M, Nejadsattari T, Khavari-Nejad R-A, Varasteh A-R. Oriental plane pollen allergy: Identification of allergens and cross-reactivity between relevant species. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2008;29(6):622-8.
30.Niederberger V, Purohit A, Oster JP, Spitzauer S, Valenta R, Pauli G. The allergen profile of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) pollen: cross-reactivity with allergens from various plant species. Clin Exp Allergy. 2002;32(6):933-41.
31.Cavkaytar O, Buyuktiryaki B, Sag E, Soyer O, Sekerel BE. What we miss if standard panel is used for skin prick testing. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2015;33(3):211-21.
32.Hemmer W, Focke M, Wantke F, Götz M, Jarisch R, Jäger S, et al. Ash (Fraxinus excelsior)-pollen allergy in central Europe: specific role of pollen panallergens and the major allergen of ash pollen, Fra e 1. Allergy. 2000;55(10):923-30.
33.Rodríguez-de la Cruz D, Sánchez-Reyes E, Dávila-González I, Lorente-Toledano F, Sánchez-Sánchez J. Airborne pollen calendar of Salamanca, Spain, 2000-2007. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2010;38(6):307-12.
34.D'Amato G, Spieksma FT, Liccardi G, Jäger S, Russo M, Kontou-Fili K, et al. Pollen-related allergy in Europe. Allergy. 1998;53(6):567-78.
35.Liu ZG, Song JJ, Kong XL. A study on pollen allergens in China. Biomed Environ Sci. 2010;23(4):319-22.
36.Al-Dowaisan A, Fakim N, Khan MR, Arifhodzic N, Panicker R, Hanoon A, et al. Salsola pollen as a predominant cause of respiratory allergies in Kuwait. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004;92(2):262-7.
37.Assarehzadegan MA, Sankian M, Jabbari F, Noorbakhsh R, Varasteh A. Allergy to Salsola Kali in a Salsola incanescens-rich area: role of extensive cross allergenicity. Allergol Int. 2009;58(2):261-6.
38.Hasnain SM, Alsini H, Al-Frayh A, Gad-El-Rab MO, Alaiya AA. Amaranthus pollen allergens: Protein diversity and impact on allergy diagnosis. IJCEBS. 2016;4(1):87-92.
39.TEMİZER İK, Doğan C, Artac H, Reisli I, Pekcan S. Pollen grains in the atmosphere of Konya (Turkey) and their relationship with meteorological factors, in 2008. Turk J Botany. 2012;36(4):344-57.
40.Fell P, Soulsby S, Blight M, Brostoff J. Oilseed rape—a new allergen? Clin Exp Allergy. 1992;22(4):501-5.
41.Hemmer W, Focke M, Wantke E, JÅGER S, Götz M, Jarisch R. Oilseed rape pollen is a potentially relevant allergen. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997;27(2):156-61.
42.Emberlin J, Jaeger S, Dominguez-Vilches E, Soldevilla CG, Hodal L, Mandrioli P, et al. Temporal and geographical variations in grass pollen seasons in areas of western Europe: an analysis of season dates at sites of the European pollen information system. Aerobiologia. 2000;16(3-4):373.
2.Asam C, Hofer H, Wolf M, Aglas L, Wallner M. Tree pollen allergens-an update from a molecular perspective. Allergy. 2015;70(10):1201-11.
3.Wang XY, Tian ZM, Ning HY, Wang XY. Association between airborne pollen distribution and allergic diseases in Beijing urban area. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2017;31(10):757-61.
4.Basak T, Chakraborty A, Bhattacharya K. Identification of airborne pollen allergens from two avenue trees of India. Int J Environ Health Res. 2019;29(4):414-29.
5.Kashef S, Kashef MA, Eghtedari F. Prevalence of aeroallergens in allergic rhinitis in shiraz. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003;2(4):185-8.
6.Kimiayi M. Pollinosis in Iran. Ann Allergy. 1970;28(1):28-30.
7.Farhoudi A, Razavi A, Chavoshzadeh Z, Heidarzadeh M, Bemanian MH, Nabavi M. Descriptive study of 226 patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005:99-102.
8.Fereidouni M, Hossini RF, Azad FJ, Assarezadegan MA, Varasteh A. Skin prick test reactivity to common aeroallergens among allergic rhinitis patients in Iran. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2009;37(2):73-9.
9.Assarehzadegan MA, Shakurnia A, Amini A. The most common aeroallergens in a tropical region in Southwestern Iran. World Allergy Organ J. 2013;6(1):7-11.
10.Mansouritorghabeh H, Jabbari-Azad F, Sankian M, Varasteh A, Farid-Hosseini R. The most common allergenic tree pollen grains in the Middle East: a narrative review. Iran J Med Sci. 2019;44(2):87-96.
11.D’Amato G, Vitale C, Lanza M, Molino A, D’Amato M. Climate change, air pollution, and allergic respiratory diseases: an update. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;16(5):434-40.
12.Kasprzyk I, Walanus A. Description of the main Poaceae pollen season using bi-Gaussian curves, and forecasting methods for the start and peak dates for this type of season in Rzeszów and Ostrowiec Św.(SE Poland). J Environ Monit. 2010;12(4):906-16.
13.Amin R, Bokhari MH. Survey of atmospheric pollens in Shiraz, Iran--1976. Ann Allergy. 1977;39(3):192-5.
14.Shafiee A. Studies of atmospheric pollen in Tehran, Iran, 1974-75. Ann Allergy. 1976;37(2):133-7.
15.Moghtaderi M, Rajaei H, Yazdanpanah P. Survey of airborne pollen in Shiraz, Iran during 2012. Pak J Bot. 2018;50(2):785-90.
16.Lacey ME, West JS. The air spora: a manual for catching and identifying airborne biological particles: Springer Science & Business Media; 2007.
17.Molina RT, Rodríguez AM, Palaciso IS, López FG. Pollen production in anemophilous trees. Grana. 1996;35(1):38-46.
18.Rahal EA, Halas Y, Zaytoun G, Zeitoun F, Abdelnoor AM. Predominant airborne pollen in a district of Beirut, Lebanon for the period extending from March 2004 to August 2004. LSJ. 2007;8(1):29-37.
19.Sahney M, Chaurasia S. Seasonal variations of airborne pollen in Allahabad, India. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2008;15(2):31-9.
20.Erkara IP. Concentrations of airborne pollen grains in Sivrihisar (Eskisehir), Turkey. Environ Monit Assess. 2008;138(1-3):81-91.
21.Nowak M, Szymanska A, Grewling L. Allergic risk zones of plane tree pollen (Platanus sp.) in Poznan. Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii. 2012;29(3):156-61.
22.Subiza J, Cabrera M, Valdivieso R, Subiza JL, Jerez M, Jiménez JA, et al. Seasonal asthma caused by airborne Platanus pollen. Clin Exp Allergy.1994;24(12):1123-9.
23.Chen Z, Yang Y, Chen X, Wu Z, Li S. Characterization of two pollen allergens of the London plane tree in Shanghai. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;14(2):139-48.
24.Fernández-González D, González-Parrado Z, Vega-Maray AM, Valencia-Barrera RM, Camazón-Izquierdo B, De Nuntiis P, et al. Platanus pollen allergen, Pla a 1: quantification in the atmosphere and influence on a sensitizing population. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010;40(11):1701-8.
25.Cachada A, Pereira R, da Silva EF, Duarte AC. The prediction of PAHs bioavailability in soils using chemical methods: state of the art and future challenges. Sci Total Environ. 2014;472:463-80.
26.AKBARI HE, Rezaei A. Common allergens for allergic patients in Isfahan: a clinically-based study. JRMSW. 2000; 5:8-12.
27.Ghaffari J, Khademloo M, Saffar M, Rafiei A, Masiha F. Hypersensitivity to house dust mite and cockroach is the most common allergy in north of iran. Iran J Immunol. 2010;7(4):234-9.
28.Ghaffari J. Prevalence of aeroallergens in skin test of asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema and chronic urticaria patients in Iran. JMUMS. 2012;22(87):139-51.
29.Pazouki N, Sankian M, Nejadsattari T, Khavari-Nejad R-A, Varasteh A-R. Oriental plane pollen allergy: Identification of allergens and cross-reactivity between relevant species. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2008;29(6):622-8.
30.Niederberger V, Purohit A, Oster JP, Spitzauer S, Valenta R, Pauli G. The allergen profile of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) pollen: cross-reactivity with allergens from various plant species. Clin Exp Allergy. 2002;32(6):933-41.
31.Cavkaytar O, Buyuktiryaki B, Sag E, Soyer O, Sekerel BE. What we miss if standard panel is used for skin prick testing. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2015;33(3):211-21.
32.Hemmer W, Focke M, Wantke F, Götz M, Jarisch R, Jäger S, et al. Ash (Fraxinus excelsior)-pollen allergy in central Europe: specific role of pollen panallergens and the major allergen of ash pollen, Fra e 1. Allergy. 2000;55(10):923-30.
33.Rodríguez-de la Cruz D, Sánchez-Reyes E, Dávila-González I, Lorente-Toledano F, Sánchez-Sánchez J. Airborne pollen calendar of Salamanca, Spain, 2000-2007. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2010;38(6):307-12.
34.D'Amato G, Spieksma FT, Liccardi G, Jäger S, Russo M, Kontou-Fili K, et al. Pollen-related allergy in Europe. Allergy. 1998;53(6):567-78.
35.Liu ZG, Song JJ, Kong XL. A study on pollen allergens in China. Biomed Environ Sci. 2010;23(4):319-22.
36.Al-Dowaisan A, Fakim N, Khan MR, Arifhodzic N, Panicker R, Hanoon A, et al. Salsola pollen as a predominant cause of respiratory allergies in Kuwait. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2004;92(2):262-7.
37.Assarehzadegan MA, Sankian M, Jabbari F, Noorbakhsh R, Varasteh A. Allergy to Salsola Kali in a Salsola incanescens-rich area: role of extensive cross allergenicity. Allergol Int. 2009;58(2):261-6.
38.Hasnain SM, Alsini H, Al-Frayh A, Gad-El-Rab MO, Alaiya AA. Amaranthus pollen allergens: Protein diversity and impact on allergy diagnosis. IJCEBS. 2016;4(1):87-92.
39.TEMİZER İK, Doğan C, Artac H, Reisli I, Pekcan S. Pollen grains in the atmosphere of Konya (Turkey) and their relationship with meteorological factors, in 2008. Turk J Botany. 2012;36(4):344-57.
40.Fell P, Soulsby S, Blight M, Brostoff J. Oilseed rape—a new allergen? Clin Exp Allergy. 1992;22(4):501-5.
41.Hemmer W, Focke M, Wantke E, JÅGER S, Götz M, Jarisch R. Oilseed rape pollen is a potentially relevant allergen. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997;27(2):156-61.
42.Emberlin J, Jaeger S, Dominguez-Vilches E, Soldevilla CG, Hodal L, Mandrioli P, et al. Temporal and geographical variations in grass pollen seasons in areas of western Europe: an analysis of season dates at sites of the European pollen information system. Aerobiologia. 2000;16(3-4):373.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 20 No 3 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v20i3.6332 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Hypersensitivity Meteorological factors Pollen | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Kafashan HA, Khosravi AR, Alyasin S, Sepahi N, Kanannejad Z, Mohammad Ali Zadeh Shirazi F, Karami S. Airborne Pollens and Their Association with Meteorological Parameters in the Atmosphere of Shiraz, Southwest Iran. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021;20(3):294-302.
