Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 17 5 2018 10 07 497 501 EN Fardis Teifoori Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Parasitology and Allergy, Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain Idoia Postigo Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Parasitology and Allergy, Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain Mohammad Abtahi Department of Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mehdi Dehghani Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Jorge Martinez Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Parasitology and Allergy, Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain 2017 10 07 2018 05 26 Sensitization and Geographical Distribution of Main Aeroallergens in Iran   https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/1674 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/1674/1358

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 17 5 2018 10 07 398 408 EN Zahra Jamalpoor Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Asgari Aerospace Medicine Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hossein Lashkari Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas Mirshafiey Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Monireh Mohsenzadegan Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 08 21 2017 12 13 Innate immune cells play a crucial role in bone development and repair. Macrophages are the main effector cells in immune responses to implants and are indispensable for bone healing success. The heterogeneity and plasticity of macrophages make them a prime target for immune system modulation to enhance bone repair and regeneration. It is believed that the polarization of macrophage phenotype towards the anti-inflammatory M2, rather than the inflammatory M1 phenotype, promotes osteogenesis. Tissue-engineered bioimplants are potentially capable of producing signals to modulate macrophage polarization. Therefore, development of smart immunomodulatory bioimplants via manipulation of their properties seem a promising strategy for tuning immune responses to optimize bone repair without any unwanted inflammatory reactions. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the currently available studies performed on the effects of macrophage polarization, especially towards M2 phenotype, both in bone repair and in bioimplant-stimulated osteogenesis. Moreover, this literature highlights the need to focus future studies on the development of smart immunomodulatory implants capable of switching macrophage polarization-enhancing bone implant-host tissue integration. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/1636 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/1636/1352

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 17 5 2018 10 14 409 417 EN Elham Harati Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Bahrami Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Razavi Department of Pathobiology, Division of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Kamalinejad Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Mohammadian Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Tayebeh Rastegar Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Reza Sadeghipour Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 10 05 2017 12 23 Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs driven by T cell activation. Viola tricolor L. as a traditional medical herb could suppress activated T lymphocytes and has been used empirically for asthma remedy. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of Viola tricolor and its underlying mechanism on asthma characteristics induced by ovalbumin (OVA) in mice. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal control, Ovalbumin (OVA) control, OVA mice treated with Viola tricolor (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (3 mg/kg). All mice except normal controls were sensitized and challenged with OVA. Asthmatic mice were treated orally in the last 7 days of OVA challenge. The total and differential leukocyte counts, Interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined. H and E staining for lung inflammation was performed. Viola tricolor treatment at 200 mg/kg significantly decreased IL-4 level but did not considerably affect the IFN-γ level. Therefore, it effectively reduced asthma characteristics including infiltration of leukocytes particularly eosinophil and peribronchial inflammation as compared to dexamethasone. However, Viola tricolor at 100 mg/kg had the most prominent inhibitory effect on the IL-4 level and also markedly increased IFN-γ level. As result, it prevented further reduction of inflammatory parameters in this group compared to the Viola tricolor-treated group at 200 mg/kg. Our study demonstrated that Viola tricolor has anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine production and validated its empirical usage in traditional medicine. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/1678 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/1678/1361

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 17 5 2018 10 07 418 427 EN Ali Barzegari Department of Physical Education and Sport, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Shadmehr Mirdar Department of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran Mohammad Ranayi Department of Pathology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2017 11 04 2018 03 03 The nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK; nicotine derived nitrosamine ketone) is one of the strongest carcinogens in tobacco which is involved in induction of lung cancer by changing the stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and annexin A2 expression. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in resting levels of annexin A2 and VEGF in lung tissues of rats exposed NNK after 12 weeks of aerobic submaximal swimming training. For this purpose, 46 Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups consist of training, training + NNK, NNK, saline and control. NNK-induced groups received NNK subcutaneously one day per week at a rate of 12/5 mg per kg body weight and the training groups performed submaximal swimming training for 12 weeks. The levels of VEGF and annexin A2 in lung tissue were measured respectively by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. To analyze the data; ANOVA and Tukey's test were used at a significance level of p<0.05. Findings indicated that 12 weeks submaximal swimming training decreased the levels of VEGF and annexin A2 in lung tissue significantly when compared to NNK group (p<0.001). There was no significant correlation between VEGF and annexin A2 levels in all study groups (p≥0.05). Generally, it could be confirmed that regular submaximal aerobic training plays an important role in inhibition of the effects of lung inflammation induced by NNK via decreased levels of VEGF and annexin A2. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/1717 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/1717/1356

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 17 5 2018 10 14 428 435 EN Da Rae Kang Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Shah Ahmed Belal Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Ho Sung Choe Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea Dae Keun Shin Berry and Biofood Research Institute, Gochang, Republic of Korea Kwan Seob Shim Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea 2017 08 24 2018 03 12 Kaempferol, a phytochemical found in many edible plants, is known to alleviate diseases such as cancer, allergy, and inflammation. The objective of this study was to investigate whether kaempferol could reduce omega-6 and ovalbumin-mediated allergic reactions at lung and trachea in BALB/c mice. Mice were allocated into five groups: 1) control group (CON); 2) positive control group with orally administration of omega-6 (POS); 3) bovine serum albumin (BSA) sensitization group (with BSA injection and ovalbumin inhalation); 4) BSA+K10 group: BSA injection, 10 μg/g of kaempferol administration and ovalbumin inhalation; and 5) BSA+K20 group: BSA injection, 20 μg/g of kaempferol administration and ovalbumin inhalation. Results revealed that serum histamine level was the highest (p<0.01) in BSA group. In lung tissue and trachea, cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) expression was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the BSA group compared to that in other groups. However, phosphorylated cytosolic phospholipase A2 (p-cPLA2) expression in the trachea was not significantly different among groups. Taken together, results of this study suggest that kaempferol might be useful for alleviating inflammation reaction associated with Cox2 expression. However, the exact mechanism of action involved in the effect of kaempferol on inflammatory response remains unclear. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/1634 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/1634/1363

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 17 5 2018 10 14 436 452 EN Sogol Shahidi Department of Marine Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Shahla Jamili Department of Marine Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Pargol Ghavam Mostafavi Department of Marine Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Sassan Rezaie Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammadreza Khorramizadeh Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 08 21 2017 09 05 Marine novel natural products have been applied for cancer therapy. Enzyme-digested gelatin hydrolysates have proven to serve as promising sources of potent biologically active peptides. Potential anti-breast cancer properties of the extracted Ficin-digesterd gelatin hydrolysate from Indian squid (Uroteuthis duvauceli) was extensively characterized by cellular and animal models. Gelatin was extracted from squid skin, hydrolyzed by Ficin, and characterized by standard physico-chemical methods. Ficin-digested gelatin hydrolysate was used at various doses of 0-0.1 mg/mL for assessment of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells versus HUVEC normal cells. Cytotoxicity, phase-contrast morphological examination, apoptosis/necrosis, clonal-growth, cell-migration, Matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) zymography, and Western blotting were used for cellular assessments. For animal studies, breast tumor-induced BALB/c mice received hydrolyzed gelatin regimen, followed by tumor size/growth and immune-histochemical analyses. Significant inhibition of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 with no cytotoxicity on HUVEC cells were detected. Apoptosis was increased in cancer cells, as revealed by elevated ratio of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in both cancer cells were diminished. In mice, gelatin hydrolysate prevented weight loss, decreased tumor size, induced p53, and down-regulated Ki67 levels. These findings suggest that Ficin-digested gelatin hydrolysate could be a beneficial candidate for novel breast cancer therapies. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/1635 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/1635/1362

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 17 5 2018 10 14 453 463 EN Behnaz Esmaeili Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parvin Mansouri Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alipasha Meysamie Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Tehran University of Medic 2017 05 23 2017 07 23 The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between caregiver-reported use of medications, alcohol, cigarette and/or waterpipe (WP), and exposure to pesticides/detergents during pregnancy with childhood-onset asthma. The study design consisted of a case-control study, conducted between December 2015 and April 2016, recruited 1503 children, aged between 3-16 years old. A questionnaire assessed the sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, education level of both parents), the family history of asthma, and other known risk factors of asthma (heating system at home, child history of recurrent otitis, humidity in the house, child went to a daycare, smoking and drinking alcohol during pregnancy, exposure to pesticides and detergents). The multivariate analysis showed that children living in North and South Lebanon and the children living in areas where pesticides are frequently used had an increased risk of asthma (ORa=1.625, CI 1.034-2.554, p=0.035, ORa=13.65, CI 3.698-50.385; p<0.001 and ORa=3.307, CI 1.848-5.918, p<0.001 respectively). Smoking WP during pregnancy and cigarette during lactation would increase the risk of asthma in children (ORa=6.11; CI 1.244-30.008; p=0.026 and ORa=3.44; CI 1.024-11.554; p=0.046 respectively). We conclude that asthma may originate from the environmental exposure to toxics such as pesticides and tobacco (cigarettes and WP) or to alcohol and prescribed medications during pregnancy and lactation. Spreading awareness by health professionals about these preventable causes can help educate the parents and children to prevent asthma and its exacerbation.  https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/1478 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/1478/779

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 16 6 2017 12 23 501 510 EN Maryam Moradi Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran AND Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Mohammad Rezaee Zoonoses Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran AND Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Mehdi Mohammadi Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran AND Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Rezaie Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Ali Jalili Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran AND Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Mohammad Rahmani Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran AND Zoonoses Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2017 03 07 2017 08 23 In recent studies, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been increasingly employed to treat various diseases like pulmonary fibrosis (PF). There are very few MSCs in tissues so in order to obtain their sufficient numbers for therapeutic applications, their in vitro expansion is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term culture of the human umbilical cord vein MSCs (hUCV-MSCs) on pulmonary fibrosis in mice. MSCs were first isolated from human umbilical cord vein and cultured up to 18 passages. In C57BL/6 mice, 15 min after belomycin instillation, UCV-MSCs at passages (P) 0, 4, 8, 12, and 18 (long-term culture) were transplanted intratracheally. Mice were weighted every 5 days and were euthanized on day 21. For histopathological examination, the lung sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson’s trichrome. The mRNA expression of TGF-β1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) in lung tissues were assessed using RT-PCR. For cell tracking, human cytochrome B DNA was detected in mice lung tissues by PCR. The weight of mice receiving long-term culture of UCV-MSCs increased compared to other mice (p=0.056). Also, transplantation of UCV-MSCs at P18 led to increased alveolar space and decreased connective tissue and collagen deposition of the lung tissues. The mRNA expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, and COL1A1 also decreased in this group. The results showed that intratracheally transplanted long-term culture of the UCV-MSCs attenuated lung fibrosis in mice.  https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/1351 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/1351/790

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 16 6 2017 12 23 511 519 EN Xia Yang Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China Jing-Hong Zhang The Guangxi Talent Highland for Emergency and Rescue Medicine, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine Research, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China Jian-Feng Zhang Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China Hua Lin Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China Wei Chen Department of Emergency, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi, China Li Xiang Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China Chao-Qian Li Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China AND The Guangxi Talent Highland for Emergency and Rescue Medicine, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine Research, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China AND Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangxi Vocational and Technical College of Health, Nanning 530023, Guangxi, China 2017 04 06 2017 07 04 Recent studies suggest that imbalances in the ratios of CD4+ T helper cell subsets, T helper-17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). However, studies of the imbalance of Th17/Treg in paraquat (PQ)-induced ALI have not been reported. Therefore, we investigated whether the ratio of Th17/Treg cells in a mouse model of PQ-induced ALI contributes to pathogenesis of ALI. Male Kunming mice were randomly treated with saline (control group) or PQ (PQ-poisoned (PQP) group); mice were sacrificed at either 12 hours (PQP-12h) or 24 hours (PQP-24h and control) post-treatment. Hematoxylin-eosin and TUNEL staining procedures were performed to examine inflammation and apoptosis. The presence of Th17 and Treg cells was measured by flow cytometry; the expression of putative Th17 cytokines and transcription factors was measured by ELISA and western blot analysis. Compared with control mice, lung inflammation and apoptosis were dramatically increased in PQP mice at 12 and 24 hours after poisoning. In addition, poisoned mice displayed significant increases in the presence of CD4+IL-17+ T cells (Th17) and in the expression of IL-17A and IL-17, as measured by flow cytometry and western blot assays. This increase was most notable after 24 hours of PQ exposure. Furthermore, poisoned mice displayed marked decreases in the presence of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells (Treg) and in the expression of IL-35 and the transcription factor Foxp3. These results suggest that an imbalanced ratio of Th17/Treg cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of PQ-induced ALI. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/1394 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/1394/789

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 16 6 2017 12 23 520 524 EN Ahmad Yeghaneh Moghaddam Department of ENT, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Rezvan Talaei Autoimmune Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Hassan Nikoueinejad Department of Immunology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein Akbari Trauma Research center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran 2017 02 18 2017 06 28 Serous otitis media with effusion (OME) is a middle ear inflammatory response to allergens and microbes which stimulate leukocytes to produce different inflammatory mediators after obstruction of Eustachian tube. Here, we investigated the levels of these mediators, IL-17 and IL-23, in serum and middle ear fluids of children with OME. 75 patients with otitis media and 75 age and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. IL-17 and IL-23 levels in serous secretion of the patients and their serum levels were measured in both groups by ELISA. Serum IL-17 levels were significantly higher in the patients than controls (p=0.001). There was no significant difference between serum IL-23 levels in patients and controls. Patients’ serous levels of both cytokines of IL-17 and IL-23 were higher than those in serum according to different parameters of sex, age, and duration of the disease. This study shows an elevated presence of IL-17 and IL-23, as pro inflammatory cytokines, in OME. These finding may represent the contribution of such cytokines in the pathogenesis of OME. Blocking such molecules may yield new non-surgical therapeutics.  https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/1320 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/1320/778

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 16 6 2017 12 23 525 536 EN Marcos Souza Department of Biointegration, Histopathology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute for Health, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil AND Department of Health, School Ruy Barbosa, Devry Group, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil Fernanda Lima Department of Biointegration, Histopathology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute for Health, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil Igor Muniz Department of Biointegration, Histopathology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute for Health, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil Ítalo Pereira Department of Biointegration, Histopathology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute for Health, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil Larissa Sousa Department of Biointegration, Histopathology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute for Health, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil Maria Galantini Department of Biointegration, Histopathology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute for Health, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil Denisar Santos Department of Biointegration, Histopathology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute for Health, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil Tiana Figueiredo Department of Biointegration, Histopathology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute for Health, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil Robson Silva Department of Biointegration, Histopathology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute for Health, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil 2016 10 12 2017 08 14 Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways affecting over 300 million people worldwide. As in the autoimmune diseases, it is well described that women are the most affected by asthma. The higher number of women presenting this pathology suggests the involvement of female sex hormones in the construction of the allergic immune response. Female Balb / c mice were used for the experiments. Thirty-eight animals were separated into four groups: OVX-Ova; Sham-Ova; OVX-Sal; Sham-Sal. Then animals underwent acute allergic induction protocol by Ovalbulmin (OVA). Ovariectomized animals showed greater number of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and elevated white blood cells recruitment to the lung environment observed by histological analysis. There was a significant increase of eosinophils and mast cells in inflammatory sites at pulmonary tissue. The relative uterine and body weight were lower in ovariectomized animals and higher in Sham mice, respectively. Moreover, the lack of the sex hormones induced an increase in interleukin (IL)-4 and titers of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibodies. However, increased production of IL-17A was only observed in Sham animals. Altogether, data this study suggest that ovariectomy induces the formation of a stronger Th2 response in allergic animal. However, the immune processes involved in the allergic response in females currently remain unclear. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/1095 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/1095/786

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 16 6 2017 12 23 537 553 EN Mohamed Salem Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt AND Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt Randa