Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 15 6 2017 12 29 430 444 EN Gholamreza Azizi Department of Laboratory Medicine, Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran AND Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahin Khadem Azarian Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sepideh Nazeri Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Mosayebian Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Saleh Ghiasy Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ghazal Sadri Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Mohebi Growth and Development Research Centre, Children's Medical Centre, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nikoo Hossein Khan Nazer Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sanaz Afraei Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas Mirshafiey Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 03 05 2016 09 05 Auto-inflammatory syndromes are a new group of distinct hereditable disorders characterized by episodes of seemingly unprovoked inflammation (most commonly in skin, joints, gut, and eye), the absence of a high titer of auto-antibodies or auto-reactive T cells, and an inborn error of innate immunity. A narrative literature review was carried out of studies related to auto-inflammatory syndromes to discuss the pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of these syndromes. This review showed that the main monogenic auto-inflammatory syndromes are familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD), Blau syndrome, TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), and pyogenic arthritis with pyoderma gangrenosum and acne (PAPA). The data suggest that correct diagnosis and treatment of monogenic auto-inflammatory diseases relies on the physicians’ awareness. Therefore, understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of auto-inflammatory syndromes, and especially the fact that these disorders are mediated by IL-1 secretion stimulated by monocytes and macrophages, facilitated significant progress in patient management.  https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/837 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/837/682

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 15 6 2017 12 30 445 465 EN Majid Kianmeher Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Deptartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Vahideh Ghorani Pharmaceutical Research Centre and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mohammad Hosein Boskabady Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Deptartment of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2016 03 02 2016 06 12 Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway with extensive airway remodeling. The ethical issues associated with the studies in asthmatic patients, required development of animal model of asthma. Animal models of asthma can provide valuable information on several features of asthma pathogenesis and treatment. Although these models cannot carry out all clinical features, they are valuable to understand mechanisms of the disease and curative access. Related articles were searched in different databases from September 1994 to April 2016 using; animal model of asthma, animal sensitization, allergen-induced asthma in animals terms. Although there are several reviews on this topic, in the present article, induction of animal model of asthma in different animals, various methods used for this purpose, measured parameters and research purposes were reviewed, which will help investigators to use the appropriate animal, methods, and evaluating parameters depending on their study design. In this study various method used for induction of animal model of asthma in different animals and measured parameters were described, which will help investigators to use the appropriate animal, method and evaluating parameters depending on their study design. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/834 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/834/686

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 15 6 2017 12 30 466 475 EN Ali Talaei Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Jalil Tavakkol Afshari Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mohammad Reza Fayyazi Bordbar Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Hamidreza Pouryousof Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Farhad Faridhosseini Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Ali Saghebi Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Amir Rezaei Ardani Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Andisheh Talaei Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Tehrani Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2015 10 11 2016 04 05 The pathogenesis of Bipolar I Disorder (BP-I) involves immune-mediated mechanisms, especially an imbalance in pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene cluster, coding some of these pro-inflammatory cytokines, might play a role in various neuropathologies related to neuron inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible role of IL-1 gene cluster polymorphisms in determining the susceptibility to BP-I in Iranian population. 48 patients with BP-I in Mashhad (in north-eastern Iran), diagnosed by two psychiatrists using SCID (structured clinical interview for DSM disorders) were selected through convenient sampling and were compared with 47 healthy controls, voluntarily enrolled in the study. Patients with non-Persian ethnicity, history of immunoallergic disorders, endocrinopathies, neurologic disorders, and substance-induced mood disorders were excluded from both case and control groups. Genotyping of IL-1 gene cluster polymorphisms, including IL-1a-889, IL-1b +3954, IL-1b-511, and IL-1RN (VNTR) were carried out using Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and compared by SPSS using Fisher’s exact and chi-square tests. The frequency of IL-1b-511 CC genotype and C/T allelic frequency were significantly different between BMD patients and healthy controls (p=0.04 and p=0.02, respectively). Among patients, -511 T allele was significantly more frequent in those with a positive history of major depression. Moreover, +3954 T allele was significantly more frequent in early onset BMD patients. The results suggest a positive association between IL-1 gene cluster variation and BP-I. This polymorphism may contribute to genetic vulnerability through its possible role in neuron inflammation. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/365 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/365/678

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 15 6 2017 12 30 476 486 EN Zahra Arefnasab California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University, California, USA Abdolreza Babamahmoodi Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farhang Babamahmoodi Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Ahmad Ali Noorbala Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Alipour Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Yunes Panahi Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jamal Shams Department of Psychiatry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farhad Riazi Rad Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Vahid Khaze Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Ghanei Chemical Injuries Research Center,Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2016 02 11 2016 08 03 Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a treatment program for relieving stress and coping with chronic illnesses. In recent three decades, studies have shown that MBSR has a positive effect on physical and psychological dimensions of chronic illnesses. Chemically pulmonary injured veterans have chronic pulmonary and psychological problems due to mustard gas exposure and complications of Iran-Iraq war. These stresses have negative effects on their general health and immune system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted on psychoneuroimmunology and MBSR in these patients. Forty male pulmonary injured veterans were randomly divided in two groups with 20 participants (MBSR and wait-list control). Then MBSR group received 8 weekly sessions of intervention. We tested mental health based on general health questionnaire (GHQ)-28 questionnaire, health-related quality of life (based on St. George respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) ) and immunity in MBSR groups; before and after intervention "mixed factorial analyses of variance" test was used for analyzing data fpr each dependent variable and appropriate t-tests were done in The necessary condition. Results showed that mental health and health- related quality of life, in MBSR group compared to wait-list control improved [F (1,38)=26.46, p<0.001; F (1,38)=49.52, p<0.001 respectively] significantly.  Moreover, a significant increase was reported in the lymphocyte proliferation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) [F (1,38)=16.24, p<0.001], and peripheral blood IL-17 [F (1,38)=56.71, p<0.001] However, lymphocyte (CD4+, CD8+, and NK-cell) percentages were not affected significantly [F (1,38)=2.21, p=0.14] ,[F (1,38)=0.90, p=0.78] and [F (1,38)=1.79, p=0.18], respectively. This study suggests that MBSR may be a new treatment approach for improving immunity and overall health in chemically pulmonary injured veterans. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/817 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/817/691

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 15 6 2017 12 30 487 497 EN Sule Caglayan Sozmen Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,  Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir,Turkey Meral Karaman Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey Serap Cilaker Micili Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey Sakine Isik Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,  Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir,Turkey Alper Bagriyanik Department of Histology and Embryology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey Zeynep Arikan Ayyildiz Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,  Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir,Turkey Nevin Uzuner Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,  Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir,Turkey Ozden Anal Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,  Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir,Turkey Ozkan Karaman Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,  Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir,Turkey 2016 01 24 2016 05 03 Quercetin is a dietary flavonoid which has anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of quercetin on histopathological aspects and airway epithelium in  allergic airway  inflammation mice model. Twenty-eight BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: Group I (control), Group II (untreated mice with allergic airway inflammation), Group III (allergic airway inflammation quercetin-treated [16mg/kg/day]), Group IV (allergic airway inflammation dexamethasone-treated [1mg/kg/day]). Ovalbumin was administered intraperitoneally and via inhalation to achieve allergic airway inflammation mice model and treatments were also given intraperitoneally. Epithelium thickness, subepithelial smooth muscle thickness, number of mast and goblet cells, and basement membrane thickness were examined on samples isolated from lung. Immunohistochemical evaluationof lung tissues was performed using  IL-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick endlabeling (TUNEL) and cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific proteases(caspase)-3 antibodies. IL-4, IL-25, IL-33, TSLP were quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and OVAspecific IgE levels was measured in serum by standard ELISA protocols. IL-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific proteases (caspase)-3. Quercetin treatment led to lower epithelial thickness, subepithelial smooth muscle thickness, goblet and mast cell numbers compared to untreated  mice with allergic airway inflammation (p<0.05). However, quercetin treatment was not effective on improving basal membane thickness. Immunohistochemical scores of IL-25, IL-33, TSLP, caspase-3 and TUNEL were lower in quercetin-treated mice  t compared to untreated mice with allergic airway inflammation (p<0.05). IL-4, IL-25, IL-33, TSLP levels in BAL and OVA-specific IgE in serum were lower in quercetin treated mice compared to untreated mice (p<0.05). These findings suggest that quercetin improves chronic histopathological changes except basal membrane thickness in lung tissue and its beneficial effects on inflammation might be related to modulating epithelium derived cytokines and epithelial apoptosis. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/781 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/781/688

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 15 6 2017 12 30 498 507 EN Haleh Vaez Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Moslem Najafi Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Negisa Seyed Toutounchi Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Jaleh Barar Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Abolfazl Barzegari Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Alireza Garjani Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2016 03 18 2016 06 19 Signaling AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensing enzyme, has been implicated in controlling inflammation. In this study we investigated whether activation of AMPK by metformin could protect the lung from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute injury by inhibitingng TLR4 pathway. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6): control group received normal saline (0.5 mL), LPS group received LPS (0.5 mg/kg), and metformin-treated group received LPS and metformin (100 mg/kg). Nine hours later nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), phosphorylated, and non-phosphorylated AMPK using western blot, and the rate of TLR4 mRNA expression using real-time PCR were assessed in the lung tissue. To evaluate neutrophil infiltration, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was measured. The severity of the lung damage was assessed by histological examinations. It was found that the ratio of p-AMPKα to AMPKα was significantly upregulated by 22% (p<0.05) in the lungs obtained from the metformin group. In LPS-treated rats, we observed a high expression of TLR4 in the tissue along with increased levels of MyD88, NF-κB, and TNFα. Metformin considerably reduced all these parameters. Histological examinations revealed that metformin remarkably attenuated congestion and inflammatory cellular infiltration into the alveolar walls and also decreased MPO activity by 37% (p<0.05). We conclude that metformin could protect the lung tissue against LPS-evoked TLR4 activation and the protective effect can be related to the activation of AMPK. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/847 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/847/680

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 15 6 2017 12 30 508 514 EN Hamideh Khajeh Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Abbas Bahari Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran Milad Lagzian Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Seyed Kazem Sabbagh Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran 2016 02 09 2016 08 15 The central role of dendritic cells (DCs) as bridging innate and adaptive immunity leads to the expanding use of these cells in the poultry vaccine studies. The most effective way to produce enough DCs is monocyte transformation by combined induction of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In this study full length of chicken IL-4 (cIL-4) cDNA was cloned, characterized and expressed in Escherichia coli. Subsequently, the expressed IL-4 was used to induce monocytes- derived DCs (MDDC). Typical features of DCs such as long membrane protrusions, apparently was dominant only four days after cytokine induction. Analyses of selected key genes' expression also confirmed that most of the monocytes shifted to DCs. The findings of the present study strongly suggest that the cloning and expression of cIL-4 in the bacterial host without any codon optimization or other modifications could produce mature MDDC in six to seven days. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/808 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/808/676

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 15 6 2017 12 30 515 524 EN Maryam Farghadan Cancer Resaerch Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Hosein Ghafoori Department of Biology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Faezeh Vakhshiteh Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran Parvaneh Farzaneh Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran Parviz Kokhaei Cancer Resaerch Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 2016 02 08 2016 06 11 The genus Artemisia is estimated to comprise over 800 species with anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Artemisia fragrans (A. fragrans), a species that belongs to genus Artemisia, is rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes derivatives. Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. NO, which is synthesized by iNOS, is the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator. The oil obtained from the A. fragrans was prepared from aerial parts of the plant. Chemical composition of essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS).The cytotoxicity of various concentrations of essential oil was evaluated by mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay. The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. In GC/MS analyses of A. fragrans oil, 32 compounds were identified. The main components of the oil were camphor and 1, 8-cineole. The results demonstrated that the essential oil of A. fragrans (1.75- 7 mg/mL), in a dose-dependent manner, inhibits mRNA expression of iNOS induced by LPS in the RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxic effect even at higher doses. The results of iNOS were consistent with the results of NO production. Our preliminary results suggest the possible anti-inflammatory effect of A. fragrans. Further studies are needed to determine the full pharmacokinetics of A. fragrans activity in vivo. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/811 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/811/673

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 15 6 2017 12 30 525 535 EN Alireza Khayatzadeh Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohamad Gharaghozlou Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Motohiro Ebisawa Department of  Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan Raheleh Shokouhi Shoormasti Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoud Movahedi Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2016 03 07 2016 06 12 At present the only available management for food allergy is avoidance; however, abstaining from allergic foods can affect the quality of life. Oral Immunotherapy (OIT) is an efficient method for increasing tolerance towards food allergens. The aim of this study was desensitizing patients above five years of age with wheat allergy and evaluating the safety and efficacy of OIT for children with IgE-mediated wheat allergy. The method of Rush Oral Immunotherapy (ROIT) was performed on 8 anaphylactic wheat allergic patients as well as outpatient method on 5 non-anaphylactic ones. In ROIT, build-up phase was performed during several days, but in outpatient, the amount of ingestion gradually increased to 5.2 g wheat protein within several weeks. After that, maintenance doses were prescribed daily for 3 months. Then, if the oral food challenge (OFC) was negative, the patients were considered to be in desensitized state, which meant they had to continue eating same doses without interruption. In ROIT, build-up phase continued for about 4.6 days during which, 21 from 71 doses, showed clinical symptoms (29.6%). On the contrary, outpatient method lasted approximately 72.4 days in which 356 doses were used and symptoms developed in only 9 doses (2.5%). In total –regardless of type of build-up phase– 12 patients could complete the maintenance phase with 1080 doses that 28 of them (2.6%) developed mild symptoms. Our OIT study proved to be safe and effective, although it is utterly evident that further investigation on more patients is necessary. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/831 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/831/738

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 15 6 2017 12 30 536 546 EN Mehrdad Farrokhi Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Zahra Saadatpour Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Elyas Fadaee Faculty of  Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Najafabad, Najafabad, Iran Leila Saadatpour Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Ali Rezaei Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Najafabad University of Medical Sciences, Najafabad, Iran Pedram Moeini Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Ali Amani Beni Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2016 02 17 2016 07 10 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of central nervous system. Since different types of immune cells are involved in MS pathogenesis, in this study we aimed to evaluate serum levels of several immunological components including soluble CD4 (sCD4), sCD8, sCD163, and immunoglobulins as markers of activity of T-cells, macrophages, and B-cells in different types of MS. Serum levels of sCD4, sCD8, and sCD163 of patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS, n=61), primary progressive MS (PRMS, n=31), secondary progressive MS (SPMS, n=31), clinical isolated syndrome (CIS, n=31) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO, n=31), and healthy controls (n=49) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum levels of Ig-G, Ig-M, and Ig-A were determined using nephelometric technique. Serum levels of sCD4, sCD8, sCD163, Ig-G, Ig-M, and Ig-A were significantly different in five groups of cases (p<0.05). Furthermore, application of stepwise method of discriminant analysis yielded 4 significant discriminant functions of classification due to the presence of six levels of categorical variables in the analysis. The most important function explained 85.5% of the total variance with the correlation value of 0.79. Taken together, our preliminary analysis suggests that although we found some functions to discriminate most of the patients, further studies will be required to individuate immunological markers characterizing the different type of MS including RRMS, PPMS, SPMS, CIS and NMO as proved by the data on sCD4, sCD163, Ig-M, and Ig-G in blood.  https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/820 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/820/687

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 15 6 2017 12 30 547 550 EN Stefanie Aurich Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany Anna-Theresa Seitz Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany Janina Tomm Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany AND Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany Jan-Christoph Simon Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany Regina Treudler Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany 2016 01 05 2016 04 20 In medicine, patent blue violet (PBV) is utilized for staining lymphatic vessels in sentinel lymph node (SLN) surgery. Moreover, PBV (also called E131 ) is used as food additive. We report on a 51-year-old non-atopic female with early breast cancer, who was scheduled for SLN excision and experienced an intra-operative anaphylactic reaction. In diagnostics the skin prick test (SPT) was positive to PBV. Hypersensitivity reactions to PBV can arise after the first exposure in surgery as sensitization may arise from either PBV (E131) in foods (i.e. in sweets or blue curacao) or from other structurally closely related triarylmethane dyes in objects of everyday life like textiles, detergents, paints, cold remedies and cosmetics. This article supports the necessity of an increased awareness of the possibility of anaphylactic reactions to PBV during SLN surgery, even if the patient never had contact to PBV before. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/760 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/760/674