Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 6 2015 11 29 552 568 EN Amir Nejad-Moghaddam Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Yunes Panahi Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Meghdad Abdollahpour Alitappeh Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Hojat Borna Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Ghanei Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 20 2015 10 20 According to significant improvements in the tissue engineering field over the past several years, lung tissue cells have recently attracted more attention due to the high prevalence and diversity in related diseases. However, selection of an appropriate cell type, screening of suitable conditions for growth and proliferation, as well as subsequent implantation into the body to repair and regenerate damaged tissues are considered as important issues in this context. It should also be noted that most studies have been described in animal models, but not in humans. Because of the high regenerative capacity, predominant immunomodulatory feature, and inhibition of T-lymphocyte proliferation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may play an important role in the reconstruction of damaged tissues including bronchioles in pulmonary diseases. Interestingly, clinical trial studies demonstrated that MSCs have the significant potential to treat a wide variety of diseases including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), liver cirrhosis, crohn’s disease, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/610 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/610/578

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 6 2015 11 29 569 580 EN Qian Zhang Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China AND Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing, China Fen-Hong Qian Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jiangbing Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China Xiao-Wei Yin Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China Qi Cao Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China Jian-Ling Bai Department of epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China Qiang Du Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing , China Yi Shi Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing, China 2015 10 16 2015 10 17 Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and 8 mediate anti-virus immunity and are of particular relevance to asthma. However, very little information about genetic association on TLR7/8 and asthma are available. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in TLR7 and 8 on asthma risk and asthma-related phenotypes in a Chinese Han population. We enrolled 462 unrelated adult asthmatic patients and 398 healthy volunteers. The genotypes of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLR7 and 8 genes were determined using multiplex SNaPshot SNP genotyping assay. We used case-control and case-only studies to assess any links with asthma and asthma-related phenotypes. There was no association between the variants in TLR7 and 8 and asthma susceptibility. However, our results revealed that the genetic variants in TLR7 and 8 were associated with asthma-related phenotypes, including eosinophil counts, serum immunoglobulin E levels, lung function, and asthma severity as well. Our study suggests that TLR7 and 8 polymorphisms may play a considerable role in the pathogenesis of asthma. It will help in better understanding the pathogenesis of asthma and development of more effective strategies for asthma prevention, prediction, and therapy. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/562 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/562/573

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 6 2015 11 29 581 588 EN Edyta Krzych-Falta Unit of Environmental Hazard Prevention and Allergology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Barbara Piekarska Unit of Environmental Hazard Prevention and Allergology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Adam Sybilski Unit of Environmental Hazard Prevention and Allergology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland AND Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology; Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Oksana Wojas Unit of Environmental Hazard Prevention and Allergology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Bolesław Samoliński Unit of Environmental Hazard Prevention and Allergology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland 2015 10 16 2015 10 19 The aim of the study was to assess the safety of nasal allergen challenge, and the use of certain parameters applied in assessing the condition of the respiratory system. We enrolled 30 patients diagnosed with allergy to common environmental allergens and 30 healthy controls. The safety of nasal challenge tests with an allergen was assessed by measuring the concentration of exhaled nitric oxide from the lower respiratory tract (eNO) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in a spirometry test. In the early phase of the allergic reaction, extra-nasal symptoms were observed, namely cough and breathlessness. These measured symptoms using the VAS scale, were far more frequent in the patients diagnosed with perennial allergic rhinitis. The eNO and FEV1 values in the spirometry test did not show any statistically significant changes. No correlation was observed between the breathlessness and cough complaints to the eNO concentration levels (cough: r=0.019, p=0.921; breathlessness: r=-0.088, p=0.644) nor the FEV1 level (cough: r=0.002, p=0.983; breathlessness: r=-0.072, p=0.751) in the spirometry test. In the early phase of the allergic reaction, nasal allergen challenge do not cause any significant changes in the lower airways, as measured with the use of certain parameters applied in assessing the function of the lower airways’ function. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/388 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/388/574

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 6 2015 11 29 589 595 EN Tina Roostaei Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada Mohammad Ali Sahraian MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sara Hajeaghaee Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Taha Gholipour Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mansoureh Togha Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bahaadin Siroos Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sepideh Mansouri Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Mohammadshirazi Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Aghazadeh Alasti Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hossein Harirchian Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 20 2015 10 20 A series of preclinical and clinical studies have shown the immunomodulatory effect of  melatonin, especially in the state of chronic inflammation. A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed to study the tolerability and efficacy of supplemental therapy with melatonin (3 mg/day) in comparison to placebo in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients receiving once weekly interferon beta. Patients were followed up for 12 months. Primary outcomes consisted of the number of relapses, change in Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and the number and volume of new T2 and gadolinium-enhancing brain lesions. Secondary outcomes included change in performance on Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) as well as change in fatigue and depression. The outcomes were evaluated every three months. Twenty-six patients (13 in each group) were recruited in the study. All participants, except for one patient in the placebo group, completed the study. No patient reported serious adverse events. There was no significant difference either in primary or secondary outcomes between melatonin and placebo arm. However, a trend for beneficial effect was observed for melatonin on change in MSFC performance and the cognitive subscore of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (p=0.05 and 0.006, respectively, not corrected for multiple comparisons). We found no significant effect for treatment with melatonin on measures of clinical and functional disability and development of brain lesions in our small sample-size study. Studies with higher statistical power and longer follow up are needed to further evaluate the potential immunomodulatory effect of melatonin in RRMS treatment. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/611 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/611/576

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 6 2015 11 29 596 604 EN Hassan Rafieemehr Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Para Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran AND Department of Immunology, Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran Maryam Kheyrandish Department of Immunology, Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran Masoud Soleimani Department of Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 20 2015 10 20 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of transplanted human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells (UCB-MSC) derived neural progenitor cell (MDNPC) in EAE, an experimental model of MS. To initiate neuronal differentiation of UCB-MSCs, the pre-induction medium was removed and replaced with induction media containing retinoic acid, b FGF, h EGF, NGF, IBMX and ascorbic acid for one week. The expression of neural genes was examined in comparison to control group by real-time PCR assay. Then, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) was induced using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG, 35-55 peptides) in 24 C57BL/6 mice. After induction, the mice were divided in four groups (n=6) as follows: healthy, PBS, UCB-MSCs and MDNPC, respectively. At the end of the study, disease status in all the groups was analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining of brain sections. We found that UCB-MSCs exhibit neuronal differentiation potential in vitro and transplanted MDNPC lowered clinical score and reduced CNS leukocyte infiltration compared to untreated mice. Our results showed that MDNPC from UCB may be a proper candidate for regenerative therapy in MS and other neurodegenerative diseases. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/613 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/613/577

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 6 2015 11 29 605 614 EN Zohreh Safari Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran AND Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza Safaralizadeh Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Mir Hadi Seyedzadeh Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ayla Valinezad Orang Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Ahad Zare Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali Hosseinpour Feizi Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Gholam Ali Kardar Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 20 2015 10 20 It is aimed to evaluate the actual anti-cancerous effects of metformin on cancer cells in hypoxic condition. Non-cancerous cells (HEK293) and cancer cells (MCF-7) were cultured in both hypoxia and normoxia conditions and treated with different concentrations of metformin. The proliferation, apoptosis, and necrosis rate were assessed using MTT test and Annexin V assay. The S6K1 phosphorylation was assessed using western blotting. Zymography was used to measure the activity of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Metformin treatment inhibited proliferation of cancer cells in the optimal concentration of 10 mM under hypoxia condition, while it showed no effects on non-cancerous cell viability. The statistical analysis of MTT assay indicated that the pro-apoptotic function of metformin for cancer cells under hypoxia condition compared to normoxia was significant with different metformin concentrations (p<0.01). However, the effect of metformin treatments for non-cancerous cells under hypoxia condition compared to normoxia was not significant. Western-blot analysis indicated a significant decrease in S6K1 phosphorylation in cancer cells under hypoxia condition (p<0.05). Nevertheless, there was no considerable difference between normoxia and hypoxia conditions in non-cancerous cells. MMP-9 zymography analysis revealed that the highest inhibition of MMP-9 activity was observed in hypoxia condition by 20mM of metformin concentration only in cancer cell. The results indicate that in hypoxia condition metformin exerts its anti-cancerous function by inhibiting proliferation and tumor progression and inducing cell apoptosis more effectively than normoxia condition. In line with cancer cell conditions, most importantly hypoxic condition, metformin can be considered as a potential anti-cancerous drug. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/614 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/614/580

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 6 2015 11 29 615 623 EN Ehsan Soltaninejad Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran AND Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hossein Nicknam Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Nafar Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hossein Sharbafi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sanaz Keshavarz Shahbaz Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehri Barabadi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mir Saeed Yekaninejad Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tayyeb Bahrami Genetic Research Center, Welfare Science &amp; Rehabilitation University, Tehran, Iran Pedram Ahmadpoor Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Aliakbar Amirzargar Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 11 03 2015 11 03 Chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) remains the major cause of renal transplant loss and characterized by interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in many biological processes as well as innate and adaptive immune responses. We aimed to investigate whether CAD with IFTA is associated with differential expression of miR-142-5p, miR-142-3p and miR-211 within biopsy and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples and whether expression of miRNAs are diagnostic for CAD with IFTA and predicts renal allograft function. In this study, biopsy and PBMC samples of 16 CAD with IFTA and 17 normal allografts (NA) were collected. Using Taqman MicroRNA Assays the expression levels of miR-142-5p, miR-142-3p and miR-211 were determined in two groups. Our results showed that miR-142-5p and miR–142-3p were significantly (p<0.0001) up-regulated and miR-211 was significantly (p<0.0001) down-regulated in renal allograft tissues of CAD with IFTA compared with NA recipients. Moreover, miR-142-3p and miR-211 were significantly (p<0.0001) up-regulated and down-regulated respectively in PBMC samples of CAD with IFTA. According to the ROC curve analysis, miR-142-5p in biopsy samples, but miR-142-3p and miR-211 both in biopsy and PBMC samples could be used as a diagnostic biomarker of CAD with IFTA and a prediction factor of allograft function. In this study, miRNAs were differentially expressed in the kidney allograft biopsy and simultaneously in PBMC samples of patients with CAD with IFTA. We suggest that the expression of miRNAs in PBMC might be used for monitoring the post transplantation and also as potential non-invasive biomarkers of kidney graft function and CAD with IFTA. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/647 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/647/590

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 6 2015 11 29 624 632 EN Parvin Mosadeghi Department of Biology, Basic Science Faculty, Payam Noor University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Hafez Heydari Zarnagh Molecular and Cellular research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran Mohammad Mohammad-Zadeh Molecular and Cellular research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran Masoud Salehi Moghaddam Department of Biology, Basic Science Faculty, Payam Noor University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2015 11 14 2015 11 14 Expression of HTLV-I p19 protein in an Escherichia coli expression system always leads to the formation of inclusion body. Solubilisation and refolding of the inclusion bodies is complex, time consuming and difficult during large-scale preparation. This study aimed to express and purify a soluble form of recombinant HTLV-I p19 protein in an E. coli expression system. The synthetic DNA encoding the p19 was subcloned into a pGS21a vector along with a His-GST solubility/purification tag. The recombinant pGS21a-p19 vector was then transformed into chemically competent E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells, and expression of the recombinant His-GST-p19 protein was induced by IPTG. Expression and distribution of the His-GST-p19 protein in soluble and insoluble fractions were evaluated using SDS-PAGE. Antigenicity of the His-GST-p19 protein was evaluated using ELISA after purifying the protein using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, then compared to the results of synthetic immunodominant p19 peptide ELISA. The fusion His-GST-p19 protein accounted for 30% of the total cellular proteins. The SDS-PAGE results indicated that approximately 50% of the expressed His-GST-p19 proteins were soluble and accounted for 50% of the total soluble proteins. ELISA showed that the His-GST tag did not impair the antigenicity of the p19 protein and that the fusion protein reacted with HTLV-I antibodies in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of His-GST-p19 ELISA indicated that specificity of p19 reactivity was compatible to the results of p19 peptide ELISA. Combination of key strategies for the soluble expresion of proteins, like fusion with solubility/purification tags, low IPTG concentration and induction at low temperature, provide an efficient and facile platform for producing soluble  HTLV-I p19 protein. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/675 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/675/589

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 6 2015 11 29 633 637 EN Mojgan Ghaedi Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hayedeh Namdari Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Parisa Rahimzadeh Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sahar Morteza Gholi Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (Aras), Jolfa, Tabriz, Iran Maryam Azimi Mohamadabadi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Eisa Salehi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 11 03 2015 11 03 An appropriate differentiation of distinct human CD4+ T cell subset is critical for manipulating these cells for using in immunity related diseases. Despite various attempts to clarify the role of different factors involved in Th17 differentiation, many crucial contradictions yet remained to be optimized. Although it has been shown that the differentiation of in-vitro Th17 cells culture conditions requires the presence of IL-1beta, IL-23, IL-2, IL-21, IL-6 and TGF-β, the optimum amount of TGF-β regulating in vitro human Th17 cell differentiation is still unclear. In the current study, a flow cytometric assay was used to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of TGF-β and a combination of IL-1beta, IL-23, IL-2 without using IL-6 on development of Interleukin (IL)-17–producing T helper (Th17) cells. According to our findings, 0.1 ng/ml of TGF-β significantly increases the expression of IL-17 in comparison to other concentrations of this cytokine. Results indicated the vital role of TGF-β cytokine in the polarization of human Th17 cells in vitro. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/648 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/648/582

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 6 2015 11 29 638 641 EN Faegheh Alizadeh Najjarbashi Mofid Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehrnaz Mesdaghi Department of Immunology, Mofid Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammadreza Alaei Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mofid Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marjan Shakiba Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mofid Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Aliakbar Jami Department of Pediatric Cardiology, School of Medicine, Army University, Tehran, Iran Farah Ghadimi Department of Immunology, Mofid Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 11 02 2015 11 04 Patients with organic acidemia are prone to different infections, which lead to acidosis episodes. Some studies have evaluated the status of immune system in acidotic phase in these patients, but to the best of our knowledge no study has evaluated the immune system in non-acidotic phase of the disease. In this study, thirty-one patients with organic acidemia were enrolled. For evaluation of humoral immunity, serum IgA, IgG, IgE, IgM, isohemaggltuinin titer, anti tetanus and anti diphtheria IgG were measured. For screening of complement deficiencies, serum C3, C4, and CH50 were assessed. Eleven patients had Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD), 10 had methylmalonic acidemia, 5 had isovaleric acidemia, 4 had glutaric aciduria, and 1 had propionic acidemia. Serum IgM level was less than normal in 2 patients. Serum isohemagglutinin titer was less than 1:8 in 2 other patients. IgA, IgE, and IgG were within normal range for all patients. Anti tetanus and anti diphtheria IgG levels were low in two patients with MSUD. No significant relationship was found between any of the measured parameters and history of recurrent admissions, recurrent infections and the type of their diseases. Five patients had high C3 level, 4 had high C4 level, and 5 had high CH50 percentage. Totally, 10 patients had high complement level, but no remarkable connection was noted between the type of the disease and complement level. Minor insignificant deficiencies in humoral immunity in non-acidotic phase of organic acidemia were found. Some components of complement system showed increase in some patients, which might be due to decreased pH in extracellular fluid. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/643 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/643/587

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 6 2015 11 29 642 645 EN Eray Atalay Department of Internal Medicine, Kafkas University Practice and Research Hospital, Kars, Turkey Mehmet Özdemir Department of Internal Medicine, Kafkas University Practice and Research Hospital, Kars, Turkey Gülşen Çiğsar Kafkas University Practice and Reserch Hospital Emergency Department Kars, Turkey Ferhat Omurca Department of Internal Medicine, Kafkas University Practice and Research Hospital, Kars, Turkey Nurullah Aslan Department of Internal Medicine, Kafkas University Practice and Research Hospital, Kars, Turkey Mehmet Yildiz Department of Internal Medicine, Kafkas University Practice and Research Hospital, Kars, Turkey Zehra Gey Medical University of Pleven, Faculty of Medicine Pleven, Bulgaria 2015 11 03 2015 11 03 Angioedema is an asymmetric non-pitting oedema on face, lips, tongue and mucous membranes; any delay in diagnosis and treatment can be fatal. Treatment with lisinopril as an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, can be a reason of angioedema. Here we report a case who developed oral-facial edema four years after using lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide. Laryngeal oedema is a main cause of death in angioedema. The treatment of choice in angioedema including fresh frozen plasma, C1 inhibitor concentrations and BRK-2 antagonists (bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists) were used. In this case; a 77 years old female patient suffering from hypertension was considered. This patient was suffering two days from swelling on her face and neck. Non- allergic angioedema was distinguished in five major forms; acquired (AAO), hereditary (HAE), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blocker-dependent, pseudoallergic angioedema (PAS) and an idiopathic angioedema (IAO). She was admitted to our clinic with the diagnosis of hereditary angioedema. Patient had skin edema and life threatening laryngeal edema. In emergency department treatment was started using intravenous methylprednisolone, diphenydramine as well as inhaled and subcutaneous epinephrine simultaneously. Despite the initial treatment, the patient died due to the insufficient respiration and cardiac arrest. The patient has no history of kidney disease. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/649 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/649/584