Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 5 2015 10 20 462 471 EN Xi Yang Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan AND Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. Naonori Nishida Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan. Xiaodong Zhao Division of Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China Hirokazu Kanegane Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan AND Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan 2015 10 19 2015 10 19 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was discovered 50 years ago from an African Burkitt lymphoma cell line. EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) are life-threatening diseases, especially in children. In this article, we review EBV-associated LPDs, especially in the area of primary immunodeficiency disease (PID). We searched PubMed for publications with key words including EBV infection, lymphoma, LPDs and PID, and selected the manuscripts written in English that we judged to be relevant to the topic of this review. On the basis of the data in the literature, we grouped the EBV-associated LPDs into four categories: nonmalignant disease, malignant disease, acquired immunodeficiency disease and PID. Each category has its own risk factor for LPD development. EBV-associated LPD is a complex disease, creating new challenges for diagnosis and treatment. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/595 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/595/545

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 5 2015 10 20 472 475 EN Esmaeil Mortaz Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Division of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands AND Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center and National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran. Alireza Eslaminejad Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center and National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Varahram Department of Infectious Diseases, Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Jalal Heshmatnia Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center and National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Atefeh Abedini Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center and National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Arda Kiani Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center and National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Aliakbar Velayati Department of Infectious Diseases, Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Johan Garssen Division of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Ian Adcock Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. 2015 10 19 2015 10 19  No Abstract https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/597 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/597/562

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 5 2015 10 20 476 482 EN Han Zhang Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China. Gaomei Lv Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China. Yunxiao Shang Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China. Liyun Liu Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China. Yun Xiang Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China. Jing Feng Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China. Zhijia Wang Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China. 2015 10 19 2015 10 19 The relationship between Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection and asthma has rarely been explored through examination of airway reactivity. The aim of this study was to determine airway reactivity changes after MP infection in children. First, 106 children were divided into four groups according to the existence of MP infection and/or asthma. Then children with only MP belonged to the MP group; children who had both MP infection and asthma belonged to the MP+A group; children with asthma but not MP infection belonged to the non-MP +A group; normal children were classified as normal control (NC) group. Each subject underwent a bronchial provocation test (BPT) after effectively controlling the symptoms. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) parameters were compared among the groups. BPT positive rates were also calculated and compared. All AHR parameters decreased following MP infection, with a more significant decrease of small airway reactivity related indexes. The BPT-positive rate in the MP +A group was significantly higher than that in the MP group. Large airway reactivity showed no significant differences between the MP+A and non-MP+A groups, while the small airway reactivity   augmented more significantly in the MP +A group. MP infection caused increased reactivity of both large and small airways in lungs, and BPT-positive identification in some patients. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/596 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/596/561

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 5 2015 10 20 483 492 EN Nannan Jiang Department of Allergy; Peking Union Hospital; Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China. Jia Yin Department of Allergy; Peking Union Hospital; Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China. Philip Mak Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, USA. Liping Wen Department of Allergy; Peking Union Hospital; Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China. 2015 10 19 2015 10 19 Orchard workers in north China are highly exposed to orchard pollens, especially peach and other Rosaceae family pollens during pollination season. The aim of this study was to investigate whether occupational allergy to peach tree pollen as a member of Rosaceae family is IgE-mediated and to evaluate the cross-reactivity among Rosaceae family pollens. Allergen skin test and conjunctival challenge test were performed; enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA), inhibiting ELISA, western immunoblotting and inhibiting western immunoblotting were done with Rosaceae family orchard pollens, including peach, apricot, cherry, apple and pear tree pollens. Mass spectrometry was also performed to probe the main allergen component and cross-reactive protein. Sensitizations to peach pollen were found in both skin test and conjunctival challenge in the patients. Serum specific IgE to three pollens (peach, apricot and cherry) were detected through ELISA. When peach pollen used as solid phase, ELISA inhibition revealed other four kinds of pollens capable of inducing partial to strong inhibitions (45% to 87%), with the strongest inhibition belonging to apricot pollen (87%). Western   blotting showed predominant IgE binding to a 20 KD protein among these pollens, which appeared to be a cross-reactive allergen component through western blotting inhibition. It was recognized as a protein homologous to glutathione s-transferase 16 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Peach and other Rosaceae family tree pollen may serve as a potential cause of IgE mediated occupational respiratory disease in orchard workers in north China. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/598 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/598/563

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 5 2015 10 20 493 501 EN Mojtaba Shadman Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Zeinab Rajabian Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Abolghasem Ajami Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Hadi Hussein-Nattaj Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Alireza Rafiei Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Vahid Hosseini Inflammatory Diseases of Upper GI Tract Research Center, Imam Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Tarang Taghvaei Inflammatory Diseases of Upper GI Tract Research Center, Imam Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Ali Abbasi Department of pathology, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran. Mohsen Tehrani Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 2015 10 19 2015 10 19 To clarify the effect of γδ T cells and invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells in pathophysiology of dyspeptic disorders, number of these two cells in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastric cancer (GC) were compared.Patients with dyspepsia were divided into three groups of NUD, PUD, and GC according to their endoscopic and histopathological examinations.   Helicobacter pylori  infection was diagnosed by rapid urease test and histopathology. The number of peripheral blood CD3+TCRgd+ T cells and CD3+Va24Ja18+  iNKT cells were determined by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was also used for identifying the TCRgd+ cells.Forty two patients with NUD (31.6%), 44 with PUD (33.1%), and 47 with GC (35.3%) were included in the study. The frequency of CD3+TCRgd+  T cells in peripheral blood of patients with GC (2.71±0.25) was significantly lower than that in NUD (3.97±0.32, p<0.05) and PUD groups  (3.87±0.32, p<0.05).  However, there  was no  significant difference in CD3+TCRgd+  T cell percentage between the NUD and PUD groups. The frequency of TCRgd+ lymphocytes was significantly lower in tissue samples from patients with GC (4.81±0.53) than in NUD (11.09±1.09, p<0.0001) and PUD groups (11.11±1.01, p<0.0001). Also, we could not find any significant difference in the percentage of mucosal TCRgd+ cells between the NUD and PUD groups. The results showed no significant difference in iNKT cells percentage among the three groups of patients.The results suggest that decreasing number of γδ T cells may be related to development and progression of gastric cancer. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/599 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/599/564

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 5 2015 10 20 502 508 EN Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Jafar Amani Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AliHatef Salmanian Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran. SeyedMohammad Moazzeni Immunology Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Kazem Ahmadi Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 19 2015 10 19 The B-cell CD20 antigen is one of the most reliable surface targets in immunotherapy of B lymphoma. In this project, we studied the production and characterization of a new monoclonal antibody against chimeric human CD20 extra loops (hCD20 exl). The results showed that clone C12H, IgG2/k isotype reacted with the antigen in ELISA and immunoblot. The Kd value wicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 20 2015 10 20 It is aimed to evaluate the actual anti-cancerous effects of metformin on cancer cells in hypoxic condition. Non-cancerous cells (HEK293) and cancer cells (MCF-7) were cultured in both hypoxia and normoxia conditions and treated with different concentrations of metformin. The proliferation, apoptosis, and necrosis rate were assessed using MTT test and Annexin V assay. The S6K1 phosphorylation was assessed using western blotting. Zymography was used to measure the activity of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Metformin treatment inhibited proliferation of cancer cells in the optimal concentration of 10 mM under hypoxia condition, while it showed no effects on non-cancerous cell viability. The statistical analysis of MTT assay indicated that the pro-apoptotic function of metformin for cancer cells under hypoxia condition compared to normoxia was significant with different metformin concentrations (p<0.01). However, the effect of metformin treatments for non-cancerous cells under hypoxia condition compared to normoxia was not significant. Western-blot analysis indicated a significant decrease in S6K1 phosphorylation in cancer cells under hypoxia condition (p<0.05). Nevertheless, there was no considerable difference between normoxia and hypoxia conditions in non-cancerous cells. MMP-9 zymography analysis revealed that the highest inhibition of MMP-9 activity was observed in hypoxia condition by 20mM of metformin concentration only in cancer cell. The results indicate that in hypoxia condition metformin exerts its anti-cancerous function by inhibiting proliferation and tumor progression and inducing cell apoptosis more effectively than normoxia condition. In line with cancer cell conditions, most importantly hypoxic condition, metformin can be considered as a potential anti-cancerous drug. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/614 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/614/580

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 6 2015 11 29 615 623 EN Ehsan Soltaninejad Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran AND Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hossein Nicknam Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Nafar Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hossein Sharbafi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sanaz Keshavarz Shahbaz Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehri Barabadi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mir Saeed Yekaninejad Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tayyeb Bahrami Genetic Research Center, Welfare Science &amp; Rehabilitation University, Tehran, Iran Pedram Ahmadpoor Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Aliakbar Amirzargar Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 11 03 2015 11 03 Chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) remains the major cause of renal transplant loss and characterized by interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in many biological processes as well as innate and adaptive immune responses. We aimed to investigate whether CAD with IFTA is associated with differential expression of miR-142-5p, miR-142-3p and miR-211 within biopsy and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples and whether expression of miRNAs are diagnostic for CAD with IFTA and predicts renal allograft function. In this study, biopsy and PBMC samples of 16 CAD with IFTA and 17 normal allografts (NA) were collected. Using Taqman MicroRNA Assays the expression levels of miR-142-5p, miR-142-3p and miR-211 were determined in two groups. Our results showed that miR-142-5p and miR–142-3p were significantly (p<0.0001) up-regulated and miR-211 was significantly (p<0.0001) down-regulated in renal allograft tissues of CAD with IFTA compared with NA recipients. Moreover, miR-142-3p and miR-211 were significantly (p<0.0001) up-regulated and down-regulated respectively in PBMC samples of CAD with IFTA. According to the ROC curve analysis, miR-142-5p in biopsy samples, but miR-142-3p and miR-211 both in biopsy and PBMC samples could be used as a diagnostic biomarker of CAD with IFTA and a prediction factor of allograft function. In this study, miRNAs were differentially expressed in the kidney allograft biopsy and simultaneously in PBMC samples of patients with CAD with IFTA. We suggest that the expression of miRNAs in PBMC might be used for monitoring the post transplantation and also as potential non-invasive biomarkers of kidney graft function and CAD with IFTA. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/647 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/647/590

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 6 2015 11 29 624 632 EN Parvin Mosadeghi Department of Biology, Basic Science Faculty, Payam Noor University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Hafez Heydari Zarnagh Molecular and Cellular research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran Mohammad Mohammad-Zadeh Molecular and Cellular research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Science, Sabzevar, Iran Masoud Salehi Moghaddam Department of Biology, Basic Science Faculty, Payam Noor University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2015 11 14 2015 11 14 Expression of HTLV-I p19 protein in an Escherichia coli expression system always leads to the formation of inclusion body. Solubilisation and refolding of the inclusion bodies is complex, time consuming and difficult during large-scale preparation. This study aimed to express and purify a soluble form of recombinant HTLV-I p19 protein in an E. coli expression system. The synthetic DNA encoding the p19 was subcloned into a pGS21a vector along with a His-GST solubility/purification tag. The recombinant pGS21a-p19 vector was then transformed into chemically competent E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells, and expression of the recombinant His-GST-p19 protein was induced by IPTG. Expression and distribution of the His-GST-p19 protein in soluble and insoluble fractions were evaluated using SDS-PAGE. Antigenicity of the His-GST-p19 protein was evaluated using ELISA after purifying the protein using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, then compared to the results of synthetic immunodominant p19 peptide ELISA. The fusion His-GST-p19 protein accounted for 30% of the total cellular proteins. The SDS-PAGE results indicated that approximately 50% of the expressed His-GST-p19 proteins were soluble and accounted for 50% of the total soluble proteins. ELISA showed that the His-GST tag did not impair the antigenicity of the p19 protein and that the fusion protein reacted with HTLV-I antibodies in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of His-GST-p19 ELISA indicated that specificity of p19 reactivity was compatible to the results of p19 peptide ELISA. Combination of key strategies for the soluble expresion of proteins, like fusion with solubility/purification tags, low IPTG concentration and induction at low temperature, provide an efficient and facile platform for producing soluble  HTLV-I p19 protein. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/675 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/675/589

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 6 2015 11 29 633 637 EN Mojgan Ghaedi Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hayedeh Namdari Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Parisa Rahimzadeh Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sahar Morteza Gholi Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (Aras), Jolfa, Tabriz, Iran Maryam Azimi Mohamadabadi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Eisa Salehi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 11 03 2015 11 03 An appropriate differentiation of distinct human CD4+ T cell subset is critical for manipulating these cells for using in immunity related diseases. Despite various attempts to clarify the role of different factors involved in Th17 differentiation, many crucial contradictions yet remained to be optimized. Although it has been shown that the differentiation of in-vitro Th17 cells culture conditions requires the presence of IL-1beta, IL-23, IL-2, IL-21, IL-6 and TGF-β, the optimum amount of TGF-β regulating in vitro human Th17 cell differentiation is still unclear. In the current study, a flow cytometric assay was used to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of TGF-β and a combination of IL-1beta, IL-23, IL-2 without using IL-6 on development of Interleukin (IL)-17–producing T helper (Th17) cells. According to our findings, 0.1 ng/ml of TGF-β significantly increases the expression of IL-17 in comparison to other concentrations of this cytokine. Results indicated the vital role of TGF-β cytokine in the polarization of human Th17 cells in vitro. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/648 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/648/582

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 6 2015 11 29 638 641 EN Faegheh Alizadeh Najjarbashi Mofid Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehrnaz Mesdaghi Department of Immunology, Mofid Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Pediatric Infections Research Center, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammadreza Alaei Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mofid Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marjan Shakiba Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mofid Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Aliakbar Jami Department of Pediatric Cardiology, School of Medicine, Army University, Tehran, Iran Farah Ghadimi Department of Immunology, Mofid Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 11 02 2015 11 04 Patients with organic acidemia are prone to different infections, which lead to acidosis episodes. Some studies have evaluated the status of immune system in acidotic phase in these patients, but to the best of our knowledge no study has evaluated the immune system in non-acidotic phase of the disease. In this study, thirty-one patients with organic acidemia were enrolled. For evaluation of humoral immunity, serum IgA, IgG, IgE, IgM, isohemaggltuinin titer, anti tetanus and anti diphtheria IgG were measured. For screening of complement deficiencies, serum C3, C4, and CH50 were assessed. Eleven patients had Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD), 10 had methylmalonic acidemia, 5 had isovaleric acidemia, 4 had glutaric aciduria, and 1 had propionic acidemia. Serum IgM level was less than normal in 2 patients. Serum isohemagglutinin titer was less than 1:8 in 2 other patients. IgA, IgE, and IgG were within normal range for all patients. Anti tetanus and anti diphtheria IgG levels were low in two patients with MSUD. No significant relationship was found between any of the measured parameters and history of recurrent admissions, recurrent infections and the type of their diseases. Five patients had high C3 level, 4 had high C4 level, and 5 had high CH50 percentage. Totally, 10 patients had high complement level, but no remarkable connection was noted between the type of the disease and complement level. Minor insignificant deficiencies in humoral immunity in non-acidotic phase of organic acidemia were found. Some components of complement system showed increase in some patients, which might be due to decreased pH in extracellular fluid. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/643 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/643/587

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 6 2015 11 29 642 645 EN Eray Atalay Department of Internal Medicine, Kafkas University Practice and Research Hospital, Kars, Turkey Mehmet Özdemir Department of Internal Medicine, Kafkas University Practice and Research Hospital, Kars, Turkey Gülşen Çiğsar Kafkas University Practice and Reserch Hospital Emergency Department Kars, Turkey Ferhat Omurca Department of Internal Medicine, Kafkas University Practice and Research Hospital, Kars, Turkey Nurullah Aslan Department of Internal Medicine, Kafkas University Practice and Research Hospital, Kars, Turkey Mehmet Yildiz Department of Internal Medicine, Kafkas University Practice and Research Hospital, Kars, Turkey Zehra Gey Medical University of Pleven, Faculty of Medicine Pleven, Bulgaria 2015 11 03 2015 11 03 Angioedema is an asymmetric non-pitting oedema on face, lips, tongue and mucous membranes; any delay in diagnosis and treatment can be fatal. Treatment with lisinopril as an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, can be a reason of angioedema. Here we report a case who developed oral-facial edema four years after using lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide. Laryngeal oedema is a main cause of death in angioedema. The treatment of choice in angioedema including fresh frozen plasma, C1 inhibitor concentrations and BRK-2 antagonists (bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists) were used. In this case; a 77 years old female patient suffering from hypertension was considered. This patient was suffering two days from swelling on her face and neck. Non- allergic angioedema was distinguished in five major forms; acquired (AAO), hereditary (HAE), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blocker-dependent, pseudoallergic angioedema (PAS) and an idiopathic angioedema (IAO). She was admitted to our clinic with the diagnosis of hereditary angioedema. Patient had skin edema and life threatening laryngeal edema. In emergency department treatment was started using intravenous methylprednisolone, diphenydramine as well as inhaled and subcutaneous epinephrine simultaneously. Despite the initial treatment, the patient died due to the insufficient respiration and cardiac arrest. The