Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 10 1 2011 03 15 1 9 EN Katayoon Bidad Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Molecular Immunology Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hossein Nicknam Molecular Immunology Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza Farid Immunology Research Centre, Buali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2015 10 01 Since 20th  century, when allergy was defined, an ongoing attempt for discovering the mechanisms underlying it and its treatment began. Defining allergens as well as cells such as regulatory T-cells and characterizing the antibodies involved in the pathogenesis (including blocking antibodies) have helped very much towards a better understanding of the immunologic process.However, Allergen specific immunotherapy (SIT), as a specific curative treatment for allergy also dates back to the beginning of the previous century and has progressed considerably during these years. SIT similar to natural immunomodulation, directs the immune response towards tolerance. New strategies in this field, such as using recombinant allergens, T- and B-cell-epitope- containing peptides, and DNA vaccination have shown promising results. Sublingual immunotherapy, although not yet  FDA-approved, as an alternative  strategy in SIT  has demonstrated efficacy as well as safety. Furthermore, allergen extracts, their standardization and their modification have also been the focus of much research. Undoubtedly, specific immunotherapy is proven to be an efficacious  method  to  treat  allergy,  so  its  cost-effectiveness  should  be  estimated  in developing countries in order to include it in the country's health priorities. Informing physicians about the new anti-vaccination movement is also crucial. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/286 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/286/286

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 10 1 2011 03 15 11 19 EN Amrollah Mostafazadeh Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Mehrdad Saravi Department of Cardiology, Ayatollah Rohani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Haleh Akhavan Niaki Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Jos Drabbels Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands Haji Mohammad Gholipour Department of Cardiology, Ayatollah Rohani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Milad Minagar Department of Cardiology, Ayatollah Rohani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Ezatola Mosavi Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Farzad Jalali Department of Cardiology, Ayatollah Rohani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Ali Bijani Non- Communicable Pediatrics Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2015 10 01 Coronary  atherosclerotic  disease  is  one  of  the  most  endangering  health  disorder worldwide. This study was designed to investigate the correlation between HLA-DRβ1 alleles and circulating Th1/Th2 type cytokines in coronary atherosclerosis. By Elisa, Th1/Th2 type cytokines were determined in serum samples of 31 subjects with unstable angina, 27 subjects with chronic stable angina and 24 individuals as normal control. By SSP-PCR, more than 100 alleles of HLA-DRB1 were typed in 24 subjects who had skewed serum levels of Th1/Th2 type cytokines. Lipid profiles were determined by the routine methods of clinical laboratory in all subjects. The  mean  serum  concentration  of  IL-10  in  normal  control  subjects  was  higher  in comparison to the patient groups.0.33±0.59 pg/ml versus 0.064±0.3 pg/ml in unstable angina pectoris group (p<0.028) and 0.22±0.6 pg/ml in chronic stable subjects. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups in serum levels of other desired cytokines  (IFN-γ,  IL-4).  33.33%  of  normal  control  subjects  were  HLA-DR16  positive whereas none of the subjects with chronic stable angina or individuals with unstable angina pectoris was positive for this antigen. The mean concentration of serum LDL-cholesterol in normal control group was high 142.046±35.40 (pg/ml). This preliminary study shows that the atherogenic effect of the LDL- cholesterol may be dampened by HDL-cholesterol through anti inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and HLA-DR16, a phenomenon interpretable via immunological homunculus theory. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/287 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/287/287

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 10 1 2011 03 15 21 28 EN Alireza Shafiei Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Moin Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Pourpak Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Gharagozlou Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Asghar Aghamohamadi Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vahid Sajedi Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Habib soheili Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soheila Sotoodeh Department of Dermatology, Children Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoud Movahedi Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 01 Despite preliminary evidence, the role of probiotic and synbiotic in treatment of the atopic dermatitis has shown varying results. We aimed to evaluate whether synbiotic supplementation decrease severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) in childhood. In a randomized double blind-placebo controlled trial, we evaluated the synbiotic supplementation efficiency on the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Infants aged 1–36 months with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis were randomized (n=41) and received either synbiotic (probiotic plus prebiotic) (n=20) or placebo (n=21) daily as  a  powder  for  two  months.  Emollient  (Eucerin)  and  topical  corticosteroid (Hydrocortisone) were permitted. Children were scored for severity of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD). Also allergen Skin Prick Tests (SPT), IgE blood level and eosinophil count were measured at first visit. Patients’ SCORAD were reevaluated at the end of intervention.  We followed 36 out of 41 subjects for two months (drop out rate = 9%). In the whole group, the mean Total SCORAD (at base line 40.93) decreased by 56% (p=0.00). The mean Objective SCORAD (at base line 31.29) decreased by 53% (p=0.00). There was no significant difference in the mean decrease of total SCORAD between placebo (22.3) and synbiotic groups (24.2). There was also no difference between two intervention groups in the mean decrease of total SCORAD regarding to different demographic, clinical and para clinical subgroups. This study could not confirm synbiotic as an effective treatment for childhood atopic dermatitis and further studies are needed. These findings challenge the role of synbiotics in the treatment of childhood atopic dermatitis. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/288 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/288/288

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 10 1 2011 03 15 29 33 EN Hayriye Karabulut Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Audiology, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Baran Acar Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Muharrem Dagli Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara,Turkey Ayse Serap Karadag Department of Dermatology, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Selcan Baysal Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey Rıza Murat Karasen Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey 2015 10 01 The aim of the current study is to investigate hearing function in patients with allergic rhinitis. Fifty-eight patients with positive skin prick test (Group 1) (116 ears) and    31 subjects with negative skin prick test (62 ears) as group 2 were included. Pure tone audiometry at 250,500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 Hz and immittance measures, including tympanometry and acoustic reflex tests, were performed in both groups. There was statistically significant difference between pure-tone threshold of the group 1 and group 2 at 8000 Hz (p< 0.05). Based on our study, the patients with allergic rhinitis had better hearing than the control group at 8000 Hz. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/289 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/289/289

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 10 1 2011 03 15 35 40 EN Mohammad Hasan Moradinejad Department of Rheumatology, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran Ali Hoseinpoor Rafati Immunology, Asthma &amp; Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Ardalan Immunology, Asthma &amp; Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahnaz Rabiei Immunology, Asthma &amp; Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Farghadan Immunology, Asthma &amp; Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Taghi Haghi Ashtiani Clinical and Anatomical Pathology, Children Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Pourpak Immunology, Asthma &amp; Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Moin Immunology, Asthma &amp; Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 01 The purpose of this study was to investigate any association between IgA deficiency (IgAD) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) among Iranian children. This case-control study was carried out on 83 children who were diagnosed as JRA according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria; Patients were admitted at the rheumatology clinic of Children's Medical Center, (Tehran). Serum immunoglobulins concentrations were determined by nephelometry method. Control group was 112 healthy children who were matched for age and gender. Informed consent obtained from all parents. Selective IgA deficiency (sIgAD) was found only in a boy (1.2%) among JRA children; however, partial IgA deficiency was found in 6(7.1%) of patients with JRA and in 12(10.7%) of control subjects, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.46). Immunoglobulins levels in patients with JRA (IgM: 126.7±57.2, IgG: 1182.3±351 and IgA:169.3±98) were significantly higher than their controls (IgM: 104±52, IgG:802±220 and IgA: 94.6±47) (pPatients with growth failure had higher IgM, IgG and IgA levels in comparison with patients without growth failure; however, this difference was significant about IgM and IgG levels (p<0.05). In contrast to other similar studies, the number of IgAD did not differ significantly between JRA patients and their control counterpart; this might be partly due to the high rate of consanguineous marriages in Iran that resulted in increased prevalence of clinically undiagnosed partial IgAD in general population. Hence, future epidemiological studies are warranted to make it clear. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/290 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/290/290

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 10 1 2011 03 15 41 46 EN Mana Oloomi Molecular Biology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Saeid Bouzari Molecular Biology Unit, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 01 Shiga toxin (Stx) is the principal virulence factor of Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC), a food-born pathogen associated disease with uncomplicated diarrhea or the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. In this study, rabbit polyclonal anti recombinant A, B subunits of Shiga toxin and holotoxin antisera were raised and employed for immunological purpose. By immunoblotting, these antisera recognized respective subunit and the holotoxin antiserum recognized both subunits, equally. The raised antisera could also neutralize the cytotoxicity of the shiga toxin on vero cells. The neutralizing ability of the prepared sera was compared for different subunits. The neutralization of toxicity was observed by incubation of raised sera with the rStx or Shiga toxin from wild type strains. The inhibition of cell toxicity was shown by anti-A, anit-B and anti-AB antisera, separately. It was shown that anti-A antibody, more significantly recognized Stx producing strains, comparing to anti-B antibody. These sera from immunized rabbits were also used as specific antibodies in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) for detection of Shiga toxin. It was demonstrated that the raised antibodies especially antiCenter, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 16 Coincidence of autoimmune diseases such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) with  immunodeficiencies has  been  reported  previously in  patients  who  suffered  from primary antibody deficiency (PAD). But there is no original study on immunological profiles of ITP patients to find out their probable immune deficiency. In this case-control study, ITP patients’ humoral immunity was investigated for diagnosis of PAD in comparison with normal population. To evaluate the humoral immune system against polysaccharide antigens, patients’ serum immunoglobulin levels were measured and a 23-valent pneumococcal  capsular polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) was administrated  to evaluate the antibody response to vaccination. In  this  study, 14 out  of  36 patients  (39%) were diagnosed with antibody mediated immune deficiency including 2 patients (5.5%) with immunoglobulin class deficiency and 4 (11%) with IgG subclass deficiency. The remaining patients suffered from specific antibody deficiency. The most frequent deficiency in ITP patients was specific antibody deficiency. Therefore, immunological survey on ITP patients may be important especially for those who have undergone splenectomy. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/535 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/535/469

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 12 1 2013 03 15 57 62 EN Maryam Azimi Mohamadabadi Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Zuhair Muhammad Hassan Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Zavaran Hosseini Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Shekoofe Noori Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Mahdavi Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Saman Maroufizadeh Department of Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Hamidreza Maroof Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran 2015 10 16 Recent studies have indicated the profound  anti-tumor activity of artemisinin's compounds,  among  which;  arteether  is an  oil-soluble derivative of  artemisinin with an endoperoxide bridge that can induce apoptosis in tumor cells but not in the normal cells. An experiment was carried out on tumor-bearing Balb/c mice to estimate the effects of Arteether  on  tumor  growth  and  antitumor  immune  responses.  Briefly, 6mg/kg/day  of Arteether and diluents were administered to two groups of mice. Tumor sizes were measured using  digital verniercallipers. Mice were  sacrificed and  splenocytes  were  harvested  for lymphocyte proliferation assay, the level of IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines, and the percentage of splenic T regulatory cells were measured. According to the findings, there were no statistical differences between the groups with respect to the level of IFN-γ, IL-4 and proliferation assay; while our results showed that Arteether is effective in the reduction of tumor growth rate. In general, intra-tumoral injection of Arteether as an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin brings to light some antitumor properties that may aid in development of more effective antitumor agents. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/534 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/534/470

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 12 1 2013 03 15 63 67 EN Parisa Bozorgzad Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran, Iran Abbas Ebadi Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mostafa Moin Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Forough Sarhangy Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Somayyeh Nasiripour Department of Pharmacotherapy,  Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali Soleimani Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 16 One of the most important goals in treating chronic diseases, especially asthma, is the promotion of quality of life (QOL). The present study aimed at identifying the effect of educating method on the QOL of children, who suffered from asthma.In this clinical trial study, 80 children aged 6-12 years with asthma were divided into two groups: control (face-to-face method) and experimental (visual concept mapping method). The QOL of both groups was measured before and after educating by the Juniper's Quality of Life Questionnaire with a one-month interval.The rate of change in the QOL score of the experimental group was 0.3 (±0.7) both before and after intervention and 0.1 (±0.3) in the control group, which was statistically significant (p<0.05).Educating by the visual concept mapping method with regard to the manner of using sprays is taken into account as an efficient and effective method in improving the QOL of children with asthma. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/533 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/533/471

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 12 1 2013 03 15 68 74 EN Mozafar Mohammadi Nejad Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Eisa Salehi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehrnaz Mesdaghi Department of Immunology, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Lida Atarod Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoud Movahedi Children Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Gheflati Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tahereh Aboufazeli Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Vodjgani Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 16 Allergic rhinitis  (AR) is  an  inflammatory  disorder  of  the  nasal  mucosa  with  high morbidity and prevalence. Natural killer (NK) cells might have a role in AR. We aimed to evaluate the changes of the markers and receptors on NK cells in AR patients compared to the non-atopic controls. Flow  cytometric  analysis was  used  with  double  staining  of  the  Peripheral  Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) to examine the expression of CD25 and CD69 markers, and NKG2D  and NKG2A  receptors on NK  cells of 20 patients with AR and 20 non-atopic controls. The serum total IgE level was measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay. The expression of CD69 antigen on NK cells in AR patients was significantly higher than that  of  healthy group  (p=0.03). No  significant changes were observed  between  CD25, NKG2D  and NKG2A expression on the surface of NK cells from healthy and AR subjects. Our study also showed that there was no significant correlation between the expression of CD69, CD25, NKG2D and NKG2A and level of serum total IgE in AR patients and normal subjects. These results indicated that the expression of CD69 antigen on NK cells of AR patients was increased. The high expression of CD69 on NK cells in AR patients suggested that these cells were activated, probably due to the cytokines secreted from allergen-stimulated T cells and activated monocytes. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/532 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/532/472

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 12 1 2013 03 15