Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 25 4 2026 06 03 462 474 Fatemeh Eskandari-Malayeri Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sajjad Shekarchian Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Esmaeil Mortaz Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Respiratory Immunology Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 06 26 2025 10 11 Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) figure prominently in the list of prevalent and resistant cancers that reveal significant differences in response to immunotherapy. Neoantigens, specific antigens resulting from tumor mutations, play an important role in provoking immune responses and the success of immunotherapy. This review scrutinizes the quantitative and qualitative differences in neoantigens in NSCLC and PDAC and their impact on the efficacy of immunotherapy. The evidence suggests that the higher mutational burden, greater diversity, and different quality of neoantigens in NSCLC compared with PDAC are among the key drivers contributing to the enhanced susceptibility to immunotherapy in this cancer. These differences could pave the way for the development of personalized therapies and novel strategies to improve treatment outcomes in resistant cancers. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4499 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4499/2292

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 25 4 2026 06 03 475 488 Hongyi Shao Department of Emergency Intensive Care Medicine, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China Jianfeng Zhang Department of Emergency Intensive Care Medicine, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China Dayong Wu Department of Emergency Intensive Care Medicine, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China Xiaoyang Zhang Department of Emergency Intensive Care Medicine, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China Chunqiong Hu Department of Emergency Intensive Care Medicine, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China 2025 07 04 2025 09 04 Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a critical component of the innate immune system, serving a vital role in the body’s initial defense against pathogens. Sepsis, a severe condition triggered by an excessive immune response to infection, has been linked to variations in the MBL2 gene that affect MBL levels and functionality. Numerous studies across various populations have examined the role of MBL-2 promoter polymorphisms (H>L and Y>X), but their results have been conflicting. This study aims to investigate the genetic connection between MBL promoter polymorphisms and susceptibility to sepsis through a meta-analysis of previously published articles. A thorough literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect to locate relevant articles for the meta-analysis. Rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were implemented to ensure data accuracy. All analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software v4. Seven studies were included, examining the role of MBL-2 promoter genetic variants in sepsis (H>L: n=3, sepsis cases: 449, control: 687; Y>X: n=6, sepsis cases: 1211, control: 1694). Egger’s regression analysis and funnel plots suggested no publication bias. Heterogeneity analysis indicated homogeneity among the data. The meta-analysis showed no association between MBL-2 promoter variants and susceptibility to sepsis. The trial sequential analysis highlighted the need for further studies on MBL-2 promoter variants in sepsis to draw a definitive conclusion. The promoter variants of the MBL-2 gene (H>L and Y>X) do not appear to increase the risk of sepsis. Further investigation is needed to confirm this conclusion, including more participants from diverse populations and larger sample sizes. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4509 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4509/2298

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 25 4 2026 06 03 489 501 Huiying Wang School of Nursing, Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Vocational College, Harbin, China Zhen Ren Department of Teaching and Research, School of Nursing, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China 2025 06 04 2025 11 05 Pediatric rhinitis is a common recurrent disorder that may progress to asthma or sinusitis in severe cases. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of different doses of glucocorticoid nasal spray combined with loratadine for rhinitis in children, and provide evidence for optimizing clinical treatment. A total of 150 children with rhinitis admitted from June 2022 to June 2024 were divided into three groups: group I (low-dose group, n=50), group II (medium-dose group, n=50), and group III (high-dose group, n=50). Patients in all three groups were treated with a glucocorticoid nasal spray with loratadine combined with antihistamines. The immune function, serum inflammatory factor level, quantitative Lund-Kennedy score by nasal endoscopy, nasal symptom score, Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) scores, clinical efficacy, incidence of adverse events, and treatment compliance were assessed. Post-treatment, all indices improved in the three groups. The percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, IL-10 content, and clinical efficacy in groups II and III were significantly higher than those in group I, while the immunoglobulin E (IgE), IL-6 and IL-17 content, the quantitative Lund-Kennedy score of nasal endoscopy, the children’s nasal symptom scores, the RQLQ scores, and the incidence rate of adverse events were below in group I. No significant differences were found between groups II and III in all indices, nor in treatment compliance across the three groups. Loratadine combined with a glucocorticoid nasal spray therapy effectively improves clinical outcomes, inflammation, immune function, symptoms, and quality of life in rhinitis in children, with high clinical application value. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4480 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4480/2283

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 25 4 2026 06 03 502 516 Shuke Rao Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China AND Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China Jiashun Xu Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qingxi Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China Weixia Xu Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Yingjie Chang Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China Lichong Chen Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China Weiliang Yuan Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China Jiamin Xie Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China Huafeng Li Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China Jinjian Zhang Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China Ying Xie Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China Guihua Xu Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China AND Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China Chenli Xie Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China AND Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, China 2025 09 16 2025 11 14 We aimed to determine the impact of combined bacterial lysates (BLs) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) therapy on specific immune biomarkers (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-17, CD4+, CD8+), lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], maximal expiratory flow at 25% of FVC [MEF25]), and clinical symptoms in bronchiectasis patients with chronic P aeruginosa colonization. Sixty-five stable bronchiectasis patients were randomized to receive BAL plus oral BLs (treatment group) or BAL alone (control group). After 3 months, IL-6 and IL-17 levels in BAL fluid and serum, peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets, lung function indices, clinical symptom scores (CSS), and reinfection rates were assessed. Compared with BAL alone, the combination therapy significantly reduced IL-6 and IL-17 concentrations in both BAL fluid and serum. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts increased markedly in the treatment group, correlating positively with improved lung function metrics (FEV1, MEF75%, MEF50%, MEF25%, diffusion capacity). Elevated IL-6 and IL 17 were inversely correlated with pulmonary function and positively associated with symptom severity and reinfection risk. Clinically, the treatment group demonstrated improved CSS, enhanced lung function, and reduced reinfections. BLs combined with BAL exert potent immunomodulatory effects by enhancing T-cell responses and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby improving both immune regulation and clinical outcomes in P aeruginosa-colonized bronchiectasis. These findings suggest BLs represent a promising adjunctive immunotherapy in chronic airway infections. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4590 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4590/2303

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 25 4 2026 06 03 517 528 Nini Zhou Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China Junyan Zhang Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China Liping Tian Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China Ling Yin Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China 2025 06 11 2025 11 09 Postoperative infections (POIs) significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality following partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) are recognized biomarkers for immune-inflammatory and nutritional status, their combined predictive value for POIs in liver surgery requires further investigation. This study evaluates SII and PNI as preoperative predictors for infections in this patient population. A retrospective observational study was conducted on 300 patients undergoing partial hepatectomy between 2022 and 2024. Preoperative laboratory data were used to calculate SII and PNI, with POIs identified within 30 days based on CDC guidelines. Statistical analyses, including multivariate logistic regression, were performed to compare infected and non-infected cohorts and identify independent predictors of infection. Of the 300 patients, 96 (32%) developed POIs. The infected group exhibited significantly higher SII (1142 ± 618 vs 792 ± 450) and lower PNI (40.1 ± 5.8 vs 46.4 ± 5.9) than the non-infected group. Multivariate analysis confirmed high SII (OR 2.85) and low PNI (OR 3.26; 95% CI, 2.01–5.12) as independent predictors. Furthermore, infections were associated with prolonged hospitalization, increased ICU admissions, and higher 30-day mortality. Preoperative SII and PNI are effective, independent predictors of POIs in patients undergoing hepatectomy for liver cancer. Integrating these biomarkers into routine evaluation enhances risk stratification and guides perioperative optimization. Early identification through these indices allows for targeted interventions, such as nursing-led nutritional support and intensified surveillance, to reduce complications and improve surgical outcomes. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4489 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4489/2316

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 25 4 2026 06 03 529 539 Armin Akbar Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Hossein Asgarian-Omran Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Reza Valadan Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Molecular and Cell-Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Ahmad Najafi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Ramin Shekarriz Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Department of Hematology and Oncology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Ehsan Zaboli Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Department of Hematology and Oncology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Mohammad Eslami-Jouybari Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Department of Hematology and Oncology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sa/ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4797/2375

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 0 0 2026 07 26 1 8 Zahra Eslami Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Saeid Afshar Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran AND Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Anahita Abbasifard Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran Heidar Tayebinia Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2025 12 13 2026 02 13 MicroRNAs (miRs) are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and have emerged as important modulators of host responses during viral infections, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Growing evidence indicates that miR-370 and miR-493 participate in pathways relevant to COVID-19 pathophysiology, influencing inflammatory signaling, immune cell activity, and cellular processes that may shape viral replication and tissue injury. miR-370 has been linked to the suppression of proinflammatory cytokine production, modulation of lipid- and fibrosis-related pathways, and attenuation of lung inflammatory responses, suggesting a potential protective role during acute infection. miR-493 has been associated with regulation of apoptosis, immune activation, and stress-response pathways, with alterations in its expression correlating with disease severity in several inflammatory conditions. Because interactions between host miRs and viral or host mRNAs can influence viral entry, replication, and immune dysregulation, understanding the specific mechanisms through which miR-370 and miR-493 act is essential for clarifying their relevance in COVID-19. This review synthesizes current evidence on the molecular pathways, validated targets, and potential regulatory roles of miR-370 and miR-493 in SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting their promise as biomarkers and their possible utility in improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4696 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4696/2379

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 0 0 2026 01 17 1 9 EN Mohammad Hasan Bemanian Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojtaba Ranjbar Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Somayeh Heidary Ghadikolaii Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saman Tavakoli Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyedehshabnam Seyedsalehi Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 07 17 2025 09 12 Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT) is a rare autosomal recessive disease with features of progressive cerebellar atrophy, immunodeficiency, and enhanced cancer susceptibility due to mutations in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene. However, despite evidence from patients with AT in consanguineous Iranian families, limited information is still available on the genotype-phenotype association. This paper presents a familial case series of AT in Yazd, Iran, with a novel homozygous ATM mutation. This report examines a consanguine family in Yazd, Iran, with four members presenting with symptoms characteristic of AT, including progressive neurological decline, cerebellar atrophy, immunodeficiency, elevated alpha-fetoprotein, and recurrent infections. Genetic analysis confirmed a novel homozygous mutation of the ATM gene (c.1834C>A; p.Leu612Ile), which is a non-conservative substitution. It is predicted to result in loss of function, and parents were carriers of the mutation. Treatment included intravenous immunoglobulin, prophylactic antibiotics, and supportive care. One of the patients died due to severe infection despite intervention. This case series highlights the impact of consanguinity on the occurrence of AT and the supporting role of genetic testing in diagnosing ATM mutations. The results emphasize the need for improved genetic counseling, family planning, early immunological therapy, and culturally tailored public health strategies to effectively manage AT in consanguineous populations. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4517 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4517/2288

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 0 0 2026 04 19 1 12 EN Davood Mansouri Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Payam Tabarsi Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Somaye Jahanabadi Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marjan Hemmatian Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Loghman Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Moradi Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 10 01 2025 11 14 Good’s syndrome (GS) is a rare immunodeficiency disorder associated with thymoma, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired cellular immunity. Due to its variable clinical presentation and lack of clear diagnostic criteria, GS is often underrecognized or diagnosed with delay. We report 7 patients diagnosed with GS, including 2 previously reported cases and 5 new cases. Clinical, immunological, and radiological data were analyzed to characterize the spectrum of disease manifestations and outcomes. The study comprised 6 men and 1 woman, with a mean age of 48 years at thymoma diagnosis and 50 years at immunodeficiency detection. Two patients were diagnosed with thymoma and immunodeficiency simultaneously, while in 5 patients thymoma preceded GS diagnosis by 1 to 2.5 years. Common clinical features included recurrent sinopulmonary infections and autoimmune manifestations, such as myasthenia gravis and lichen planus. Opportunistic infections, including cytomegalovirus and mycobacterial infections were observed. Immunological profiles demonstrated hypogammaglobulinemia, reduced B-cell markers (CD19, CD20), and variable T-cell subsets. Intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy led to clinical improvement in most cases. Two patients succumbed to complications related to severe infections. GS presents with diverse clinical and immunological features, necessitating a high index of suspicion in patients with thymoma and recurrent infections. Early recognition and individualized immunoglobulin replacement therapy are critical for improving outcomes. Our series highlights the need for ongoing monitoring and management of immunodeficiency in thymoma patients. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4606 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4606/2328

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 0 0 2026 01 17 1 10 Mohsen Ghoryani Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran Soroush Gorgani Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mahdi Atabaki Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Elmira Noori Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Zhaleh Shariati-Sarabi Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mojgan Mohammadi Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2025 10 17 2025 11 09 Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, characterized by pathological changes in joint components. Increasing evidence suggests that helper T (TH) lymphocytes play a pivotal role in the inflammatory processes associated with OA. Curcumin, the primary polyphenolic compound found in Curcuma longa, exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin on the gene expression of key transcription factors of TH1 and TH2 cells and to explore their associations with clinical and immunological parameters in patients with knee OA. This mechanistic sub-study presents a secondary molecular analysis of RNA biospecimens from a previously completed double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 30 patients with knee OA. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 80 mg/day of nano-micelle curcumin or a placebo for 3 months. Expression levels of T-box transcription factor 21 (T-bet) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), the key transcription factors of TH1 and TH2 cells, respectively, were quantified using SYBR Green-based real-time PCR. Their associations with changes in visual analogue scale (VAS) score, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were analyzed. Curcumin administration significantly reduced T-bet gene expression compared to baseline and showed a positive correlation with the frequency of CD8+ T cells, while GATA3 expression remained unchanged. These findings may provide a novel molecular perspective on curcumin's potential to influence CD8+ T cell dynamics by modulating TH1-associated transcriptional programs. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4633 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4633/2284

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 0 0 2026 01 17 1 11 EN Serkan Filiz Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Türkiye Güney Külice Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Türkiye Zeycan Canıtez Oral Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Türkiye Şennur Keleş Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Türkiye Dilek Yapar Turkish Ministry of Health, Muratpaşa District Health Directorate, Antalya, Türkiye Osman Keysan Turkish Ministry of Health, Emergy Ambulance Servise Directorate, Antalya, Türkiye Mehmet Gülşen Turkish Ministry of Health, Emergy Ambulance Servise Directorate, Antalya, Türkiye Ahu Sezgin Turkish Ministry of Health, Emergy Ambulance Servise Directorate, Antalya, Türkiye 2025 07 22 2025 10 27 Anaphylaxis is a severe, rapidly progressing, and potentially life-threatening emergency requiring prompt, evidence-based intervention. This study assessed pre-hospital emergency healthcare professionals’ knowledge of anaphylaxis diagnosis, acute management, and treatment protocols in line with current clinical guidelines. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between February and April 2025 among physicians, paramedics, and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) working in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) stations. Data were collected via a 21-item Google Forms survey covering demographics and key knowledge domains based on established pediatric anaphylaxis guidelines. A total of 322 professionals participated: paramedics (n = 214, 66.5%), EMTs (n = 73, 22.7%), and physicians (n = 35, 10.9%). Although most reported prior anaphylaxis training (90.0%) and clinical encounters (87.6%), only 52.2% correctly identified all three diagnostic criteria. Regarding pharmacologic management, 81.7% recognized epinephrine as first-line treatment, with physicians performing best (94.3%) compared to paramedics (81.8%) and EMTs (75.3%). Similarly, 81.1% correctly identified the intramuscular route, with physicians again demonstrating superior knowledge (95.5%). However, major deficiencies were noted in appropriate patient positioning (52.2%) and epinephrine auto-injector use (50.6%), with significant inter-professional differences across both domains. Substantial knowledge gaps exist among pre-hospital emergency providers regarding anaphylaxis diagnosis, patient positioning, and auto-injector administration. Targeted training and standardized protocols are urgently needed to enhance competency and improve patient safety in pre-hospital anaphylaxis management. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4529 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4529/2287

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 0 0 2026 01 28 1 12 Omid Sadatpour Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amirreza Azimi Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Salehi Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javad Tavassolifar Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Izad Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 08 31 2025 09 06 Chemokines and their receptors play a central role in mediating the migration of pathogenic T cells into the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Vitamin D and curcumin are known to possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties; however, their combined effects on T-cell chemokine receptor expression in MS remain poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effects of vitamin D, curcumin, and their combination on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing CXCR3, CCR6, and CCR4 in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from patients in relapse (n=10), remission (n=14), and healthy controls (n=15) and analyzed using flow cytometry. Relapse patients exhibited elevated frequencies of CXCR3+CD4+ T cells compared to healthy controls, which normalized following treatment. Increased CCR6+CD4+ T cells and CXCR3+CD8+ T cells were also observed in patients, with a significant reduction achieved only after combined treatment with vitamin D and curcumin. The combined treatment further decreased the mean fluorescence intensity of CXCR3 and CCR6 on T cells in relapse patients, while vitamin D alone specifically reduced CCR4+CCR6+CD4+ T cells, a TH17-like subset enriched during relapse. These findings indicate that vitamin D and curcumin, particularly in combination, modulate T-cell activity by downregulating chemokine receptor expression and may represent a promising adjunctive approach for controlling immune cell migration in MS. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4568 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4568/2289

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 0 0 2026 02 04 1 9 EN Jafar Salimian Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soheil Vazifedust Solid Tumor Research Centre, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences,Urmia,Iran Majid Mirzaei Nodooshan Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 10 06 2025 11 07 Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic immune-mediated liver disease that can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure if untreated. Current therapies, mainly corticosteroids, are effective but limited by adverse effects and incomplete responses, prompting the search for safer alternatives. Peiminine, an alkaloid derived from Fritillaria species, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in several disease models. This study evaluated its efficacy in a concanavalin A (ConA)–induced mouse model of AIH. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups, including ConA-injured animals, and treatment groups receiving peiminine (3 mg/kg, i.p.), prednisolone (10 mg/kg, i.p.), or their combination. ConA injection caused sharp increases in ALT (↑ 5.4-fold), AST (↑ 4.8-fold), and ALP (↑ 3.9-fold), alongside marked elevations in MPO activity, nitric oxide, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ). Peiminine significantly reversed these alterations—reducing ALT, AST, and ALP by 65% to 75% and restoring IL-4, TGF-β, and SOD activity toward normal values. Pre-treatment provided stronger protection than post-treatment, and outcomes were comparable to those of prednisolone, with combination therapy yielding the greatest improvement across all indices. These findings indicate that peiminine mitigates immune-mediated hepatic injury by modulating cytokines, reducing oxidative stress, and maintaining liver integrity. Peiminine may represent a promising preventive or adjunct therapy for AIH, warranting further mechanistic and long-term investigations. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4610 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4610/2290

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 0 0 2026 02 04 1 17 Chunli Mei Department of Dermatology, Deqing County People's Hospital, Deqing County, China Chunye Xu Department of Endocrinology, Deqing County People's Hospital, Deqing County, China Zhibin Yu Department of Dermatology, Deqing County People's Hospital, Deqing County, China Lihong Shen Department of Orthopaedics, Deqing County People's Hospital, Deqing County, China 2025 08 29 2025 09 15    Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with heterogeneous immune dysregulation. Although interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling is implicated in AD, IL-17-related diagnostic biomarkers and molecular subtypes remain unclear. This study aimed to identify IL-17-associated biomarkers, characterize immune infiltration and subtypes, and explore upstream regulatory mechanisms. Gene expression datasets (GSE121212, GSE6012) were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and an IL-17-related gene set was collected from the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis website (GSEA)(http://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/search.jsp). Differential expression (limma) and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis were integrated to identify candidate genes, followed by feature selection using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator and random forest. We evaluated immune cell infiltration by applying the CIBERSORT algorithm alongside single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. GSEA was applied to investigate underlying biological processes. AD patients were clustered into subtypes relying on IL-17 scores using ssGSEA. Our integrated analysis identified IL4R and PRSS22 as key IL-17-related diagnostic biomarkers for AD, demonstrating excellent diagnostic accuracy across both training and validation cohorts. Immune-infiltration analyses revealed altered immune-cell composition and correlations observed between the identified biomarkers and specific immune cells. Two distinct AD subtypes were identified based on IL-17 scores, exhibiting immune infiltration patterns and enriched biological pathways. A ceRNA network highlighted potential regulatory mechanisms involving these biomarkers. IL4R and PRSS22 are robust IL-17-related diagnostic biomarkers for AD, with high predictive power across cohorts. Immune infiltration profiling and IL-17 score-based subtyping reveal AD heterogeneity. These findings provide a foundation for improved diagnosis, molecular stratification, and potential therapeutic targeting in AD. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4567 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4567/2294

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 0 0 2026 02 04 1 12 Guimin Zheng Department of General Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China Lei Wang Department of Medical Imaging, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China Jingjing Cao Department of General Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China Xiao Zheng Department of Rheumatology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China 2025 08 13 2025 11 05 Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is a common neuropsychiatric manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but its early identification lacks objective serological markers. This study aimed to explore the predictive value of c