Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 24 1 2025 02 13 21 30 EN Maedeh Vahabi Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Abdolrahman Rostamian Rheumatology Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ensie Sadat Mirsharif Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran keyvan latifi Department of Adult Intensive Care Unit, Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Sara Iranparast Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Tooba Ghazanfari Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran 2024 04 24 2024 10 27 COVID-19 is capable of undermining self-tolerance in a host's immune system and triggering autoimmunity by hyper-activating the innate and adaptive immune systems, which has not investigated in Iranian society until now. In the innate immune system neutrophils are the predominant immune cells that protect the human body against invaders. Here, we sought to explore 2 important variables related to neutrophil: DNA complexes with myeloperoxidase (MPO-DNA) as a reliable indicator of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by MPO-DNA complex evaluation using a sandwich ELISA and the underlying role of IL-8 in (NETs) formation during COVID-19 infection. According to our results, in 103 COVID-19 patients, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was significantly higher in ICU patients (14.62±11.81) compared to non-ICU patients (3.16±3.33). Elevated IL-8 levels were observed in COVID-19 patients, particularly in ICU patients. MPO-DNA levels, indicating NETosis, were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients and strongly correlated with neutrophil counts (r=0.472). Thus, our studies suggest that neutrophils count, IL-8, and MPO-DNA can be used as powerful biomarkers in diagnosing COVID-19 severity. patients with severe COVID-19 infection are prone to heart disease because most of them develop excessive NET formation. Additionally, In COVID-19 patients, a higher MPO-DNA level may increase the risk of developing heart disease too. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4090 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4090/2149

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 24 1 2025 02 13 12 20 Bita Yadegari Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Hamidreza Houshmand Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Mir Ghaemi Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 2024 07 23 2024 11 18 Nasal irrigation, a nonpharmacological intervention for alleviating nasal symptoms, has yet to gain widespread acceptance among caregivers due to procedural ambiguities and the absence of a standardized protocol. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of normal saline nasal irrigation in managing allergic rhinitis among children aged 6 to 12 years. This prospective, randomized, single-blind trial enrolled children aged 6 to 12 with allergic rhinitis. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either standard care (oral antihistamine and intranasal corticosteroid) or standard care plus nasal irrigation with saline solution. Symptom severity, assessed using the Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (PRQLQ) at baseline, 1, and 3 months, included rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, sneezing, pruritus, ocular symptoms, and functional impairment. The intervention group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in several domains post-intervention. Specifically, a marked reduction in sneezing frequency and nasal cleansing requirements was observed. Moreover, this group reported significantly lower ocular symptoms, including irritation, itching, and watering, relative to the control group. Although overall PRQLQ scores did not differ significantly between groups, the intervention group exhibited lower scores at the 1- and 3-month follow-ups, indicative of enhanced quality of life. These findings suggest a potential beneficial effect of the intervention on participant well-being. The findings of this study indicate that nasal irrigation with 0.65% saline solution 4 times daily may serve as an effective adjunct treatment for children with allergic rhinitis. This regimen was associated with significant enhancements in both nasal symptom severity and quality of life. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4163 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4163/2152

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 24 1 2025 02 13 1 11 Mahsa Manafi Varkiani Innovative Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran AND Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Majid Mirsadraee Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Mohammadreza Khakzad Innovative Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran AND Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Soheila Moadikhah Innovative Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran AND Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Simin Moadikhah Innovative Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran AND Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Amirhossein Hashemiattar Department of Radiology, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran 2024 05 14 2024 08 12 Severe asthma causes chronic airway inflammation and structural changes in the bronchial wall. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) plays an inflammatory role in specific pathways in airway remodeling in asthma. Assessing the relationship between sputum pattern, bronchial thickness by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan, and FGF2 expression level can evaluate the role of FGF2 in asthma remodeling. The study aimed to investigate the correlation between airway wall thickness and FGF2 gene expression in 100 participants with severe asthma. The method involved measuring airway wall thickness using HRCT and analyzing FGF2 gene expression through real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The participants were divided into 2 groups based on bronchodilator responsiveness and classified into different asthma phenotypes based on sputum cell count. The baseline data did not show a significant difference between the groups. The study found significant differences in airway variables between different asthma subgroups. FGF2 expression was associated with various characteristics of asthma, including body mass index, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and airway wall thickness. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a fold change higher than 2.42 in FGF2 expression indicated asthma. Based on our research, FGF2 may play a critical role in airway thickness regardless of inflammation. We found increased FGF2 levels with disease severity and wall thickness in atopic severe persistent asthma patients with FEV1 below 60%. Further research is needed to understand FGF2's role across broader FEV1 ranges and other phenotypes. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4106 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4106/2132

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 24 1 2025 02 13 31 40 Mahdieh Nasirzadeh Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Mahdi Pouramir Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran AND Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Shiva Gholizadeh-Ghaleh Aziz Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran AND Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Shahriar Alipour Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran AND Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 2024 04 27 2024 07 22 MicroRNAs (miRs) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of viral infections. It has been proven that the Nrf2 (NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2) antioxidant signaling pathway is inhibited in COVID-19 patients. Two microRNAs (MIR144 and MIR153-1) have been identified as important Nrf2 regulators. The aim of this study was to analyze the MIR144 and MIR153-1 expression in COVID-19 patients and investigate their association with the Nrf2 signaling pathway. The study had 82 participants with both mild and severe COVID-19 manifestations and 25 healthy as a control group. Ficoll density-gradient centrifugation was used to separate peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood tubes. MIR144, MIR153-1, and NFE2L2 expressions were studied using real-time polymerase chain reaction. We employed the commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure plasma Nrf2 protein concentration and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Compared to the control group, MIR144 expression was significantly increased in the severe group, while NFE2L2 expression decreased. There was no significant difference in the MIR153-1 expression rate between COVID-19 patients and controls. Nrf2 protein and antioxidant enzyme activity significantly decreased in the severe group. A negative correlation between MIR144 expression and Nrf2 protein concentration was observed. Taken together, the current study's findings showed that MIR144 upregulation probably interferes with the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway in COVID-19 patients. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4091 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4091/2147

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 24 1 2025 01 14 41 51 Jianyan Wu School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China AND Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China AND Jiaozhou Hospital, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Qingdao, China Huijie Ma School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China AND Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China Boya Zhang School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China AND Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China Ying Wang School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China AND Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China Yingui Sun School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China AND Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China 2024 10 24 2024 12 01 We aimed to evaluate the effect of remimazolam-based general anesthesia on cellular immune function and postoperative recovery quality in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical colorectal cancer surgery. A total of 90 patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic colorectal cancer radical surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups: the remimazolam group (Group R) and the propofol group (Group P), with 45 patients in each group. Anesthesia induction in Group R involved intravenous remimazolam, and in Group P, intravenous propofol until the loss of consciousness (modified observer’s assessment of alertness/sedation [MOAA/S] score 1–2). Both groups then received intravenous sufentanil and cisatracurium for intubation. Cellular immune function markers (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T and natural killer [NK] cells) were recorded at different time points. Quality of Recovery [QoR]-15 scale scores, hemodynamic parameters, sedation scores (Riker and Ramsay scales), recovery times and adverse events were also recorded. Compared to Group P, Group R had significantly higher NK, CD3+, and CD4+ cell levels immediately after surgery and at 24 hours postoperatively. Group R showed a significantly lower incidence of intraoperative hypotension, bradycardia, and vasopressor use. Additionally, QoR-15 scores at 24 and 72 hours were higher in Group R. There were no significant differences in Riker or Ramsay scores, extubation time, post-anesthesia care unit stay, or the incidence of postoperative nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness between the 2 groups. Compared with propofol, remimazolam anesthesia results in better perioperative immune function preservation, reduced intraoperative hypotension and bradycardia, and improved postoperative recovery quality in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical colorectal cancer surgery. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4228 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4228/2155

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 24 1 2025 02 13 52 60 Fatemeh Sabaghi Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran Minoo Shahidi Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Majid Safa Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Faranoush Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran Mostafa Jamali Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran Ebadollah Salekmoghadam Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Mohamadali Blood Transfusion Rene, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran Zahra Alipour Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran Saeed Hayati Department of Emergency Medicine, Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran 2024 10 19 2024 12 07 Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are prevalent chronic respiratory conditions that may impact clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of asthma and COPD on the outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This retrospective observational study, conducted in 2021 at Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, included 1777 COVID-19 patients. Data on demographics, comorbidities, and clinical parameters were retrieved from the hospital’s COVID-19 registry. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of asthma and COPD on clinical outcomes. Asthma was diagnosed in 83 patients (4.7%) and COPD in 19 patients (1.0%), with a mean age of 50.5 ± 17.5 years. The mortality rate was highest in the COPD group (31.6%), followed by the asthma group (20.5%) and the group without obstructive diseases (13.5%). No significant differences were found in intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, or mortality associated with asthma or COPD. Age and comorbidities were significant factors influencing mortality. This study found no significant impact of asthma or COPD on ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, or mortality rates among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4225 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4225/2163

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 24 2 2025 03 10 170 179 EN Vahid Asghariazar Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Roya Dolatkhah Students Research Committee, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Sepideh Moharami Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Sohrab Iranpour Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Amirhossein Adli Students Research Committee, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Majid Eterafi Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Elham Safarzadeh Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran AND Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran 2024 06 20 2024 12 08 The exact mechanisms underlying impaired wound healing in diabetes are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of classical and non-classical monocyte ratios along with TNF-α and TGF-β plasma levels on diabetic wound healing. Twenty-four patients with confirmed type 2 diabetes and twenty healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolation was performed  by Ficoll-Paque density gradient centrifugation method. The frequency of different subsets of monocytes was characterized in diabetic patients and  healthy controls using flow cytometry. TNF-α and TGF-β plasma levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. We found a significant difference in the frequency of classical and non-classical monocytes in healthy controls and diabetic patients. The plasma level of TNF-α was higher in diabetic patients than in healthy controls, and its level was associated with wound grade. Moreover, the plasma level of TGF-β was lower in diabetic patients rather than healthy controls. Also, our data showed a higher percentage of non-classical monocytes as wound grade increased. In conclusion, the wound healing process is affected by diabetes via changes in non-classical and classical monocyte percentages, which may be the result of TNF-α increase and TGF-β levels decreasing in diabetic patients’ plasma. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4124 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4124/2166

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 24 2 2025 03 10 180 186 EN Gholam Reza Bagheri Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Javad Poursamimi Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. Hadi Ali-anvari Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Sara Rashki Ghalenoo Department of Cardiology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Hamid Reza Ghaffari Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 2024 06 27 2024 08 24 europathic pain can arise from injury or illness affecting the somatosensory system. It can also be triggered by cancer or chemotherapy drugs like paclitaxel. Researchers have indicated that magnesium sulfate may help in preventing neuropathy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of magnesium sulfate on paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha - receptor-associated factor 6 - Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (TNF-α-TRAF6-NF-κB) axis. Twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups: experiment group (E)-1, E2, E3, and the control group (Co). The experimental groups and the control group received paclitaxel at a dosage of 8 mg/kg every other day, totaling four injections over seven days. In addition, magnesium sulfate was administered daily in three doses of 300, 150, and 75 mg/kg, amounting to seven injections over the course of seven days. On the seventh day, peripheral blood samples were collected from the rats, and sera were used for the analysis of TNF-α serum levels and MicroRNA-146a-5p expression using ELISA and qRT-PCR methods, respectively. The serum levels of TNF-α increased in the E1, E2, and E3 groups compared to the control group. However, there was a gradual decrease in the E1, E2 and E3 groups. The miR-146a-5p expression declined in the E1 group and increased in the E2 and E3 groups compared to the control group. This study demonstrated that administering 300 and 150 mg of magnesium sulfate decreased TNF-α synthesis and reduced the function of the TNF-α-TRAF6-NF-κB axis during the initiation step. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4133 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4133/2135 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4133/2185

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 24 2 2025 03 10 187 197 Mohsen Badalzadeh Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Children's Medical Center Hospital, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Soleimani Bavani Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Children's Medical Center Hospital, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Alizadeh Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Children's Medical Center Hospital, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Milad Mirmoghtadaei Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Children's Medical Center Hospital, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Leila Shakerian Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Children's Medical Center Hospital, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seiamak Bahram Laboratoire d’ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France AND Service d’Immunologie Biologique, Plateau Technique de Biologie, Pôle de Biologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 1 place de l’Hôpital, Strasbourg, France Anne Molitor Laboratoire d’ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France Raphael Carapito Laboratoire d’ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France Leila Moradi Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Children's Medical Center Hospital, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Anahita Razaghian Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Hakim Children's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Raheleh Assari Children's Medical Center Hospital, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Pediatric Rheumatology Research Group, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoud Movahedi Children's Medical Center Hospital, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mansoureh Shariat Department of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Massoud Houshmand Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran Laleh Habibi Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Children's Medical Center Hospital, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir Hamidieh Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahmoud Reza Ashrafi Children's Medical Center Hospital, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Fazlollahi Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Children's Medical Center Hospital, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Pourpak Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Children's Medical Center Hospital, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 04 17 2024 09 24 Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the ataxia telengiectasia mutated (ATM) gene. The gene is on chromosome 11q22-23 and codes for the protein kinase ATM, which plays an essential role in DNA damage repair. In this study, we review the clinical characteristics of 13 A-T patients, 2 of whom displayed novel mutations. Thirteen patients with ataxia-telangiectasia from 10 unrelated families were referred to  Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. After clinical confirmation, blood samples were collected from the patients and their parents. Genetic analysis for 8 patients was conducted using whole-exome sequencing; in the other 3 patients, polymerase chain reaction was used, followed by sequencing. We identified 11 different mutations in the ATM gene. Two patients had mutations as compound heterozygous, while 9 other patients were homozygous for the mutations. Among these, 2 likely pathogenic mutations (ie, c.2639-1G>A and c.7940_7970del​TTCCAGCAGA​CCAGCCAATT​ACTAAACTTAA) have not been reported. Our study highlights the significance of next-generation sequencing techniques in identifying novel ATM mutations in A-T patients. Although all reported A-T mutations reside in 1 gene, the absence of a mutation hotspot for this gene necessitates the use of next-generation sequencing techniques. Specifically, we identified 2 mutations that have not been reported previously, emphasizing the importance of continued research in this area. This study provides new insights into the genetic underpinnings of A-T and underscores the potential clinical implications of identifying novel mutations. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4083 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4083/2162

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 24 2 2025 03 10 198 211 Haiyan Ouyang Department of Brain Disease Intensive Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital, Changsha, China Dandan Chen Department of Endocrine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, (Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital), Changsha, China Wei Liu Department of Endocrine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, (Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital), Changsha, China 2024 09 02 2024 11 05 Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication that leads to renal injury. Oxymatrine (OMT) is a matrine alkaloid and has been shown to ameliorate diabetic nephropathy. However, it is still unknown whether its mechanism involves podocytes, which play a critical role in diabetic nephropathy. High glucose-induced podocytes (MPC5) were treated with OMT, the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inhibitor MCC950, and the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor EX527. The effects on podocyte proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression of podocyte-associated proteins, NLRP3 inflammasome, and SIRT1. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, Western blot analysis was conducted to evaluate podocyte-related proteins, NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis-related proteins, and SIRT1/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway proteins, aiming to elucidate the mechanisms by which OMT improves podocyte injury. OMT significantly promoted the proliferation of podocytes exposed to high glucose, inhibited their apoptosis, increased the levels of nephrin, Wilms tumor 1, podocin, and zonula occludens-1, and reduced pyroptosis-related proteins, IL-1β, and IL-18 (p < 0.05). It also increased SIRT1 and decreased the acetylation of NF-κB p65 (p < 0.05). The NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 reduced podocyte pyroptosis under high glucose conditions, while the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 reversed the protective effects of OMT on NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis and podocyte injury. OMT ameliorates high glucose-induced podocyte injury by regulating the SIRT1/NF-κB pathway and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4189 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4189/2138

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 24 2 2025 03 10 212 236 Hualiang Xu Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China AND Department of Orthopedics, The Third People's Hospital of Bijie City, Bijie, Guizhou, China Furong Xu Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University Lihong Chen Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China Renchun Wu Department of Orthopedics, The Third People's Hospital of Bijie City, Bijie, Guizhou, China Hongqing Ge Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China Aiguo Li Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University 2024 06 26 2024 11 13 Os