Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 23 5 2024 10 06 588 593 Hossein Esmaeilzadeh Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Gholamreza Pouladfar Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mohammad Amin Gholami Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Hasan Mohtadi Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2023 08 26 2024 04 20 Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by immunodeficiency, leading to increased susceptibility to mycobacterial infections. Studies have identified several genes that are associated with MSMD in the interferon-gamma/interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23 signaling pathway. One of these genes is signal peptide peptidase-like 2A (SPPL2A), which is very rare, and defects in this gene have been reported only in 3 patients with MSMD. This case report presents the rare SPPL2A deficiency with an abnormal presentation, which adds to the limited number of these genetic defects. This report presents the case of a 1-year-old boy who developed Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection (BCGitis), lymphadenopathy, and an arm abscess that required surgical drainage following BCG vaccination. The patient had hypogammaglobulinemia, normal B-cell counts, normal CD4 counts, low CD8 counts, and SPPL2A deficiency, which is related to MSMD. The patient received a second line of anti-tuberculosis agents. SPPL2A deficiency is associated with MSMD and can cause severe BCGitis and disruption of immunoglobulin production. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3906 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3906/2124

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 23 5 2024 10 06 467 475 Jingyi Yang Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China Fengxia Xue Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China 2024 03 10 2024 06 09 Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with the grading of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), high-risk HPV infection, multiple HPV infections, high HPV load, HPV infection of surgical margin, and age in CIN after conization. The immune mechanism is complex and is primarily related to vaginal microecology disorders, immune escape, immune response impairment, and the release of regulatory cytokines. Currently, the treatment methods for postoperative persistent HPV infection include surgical treatment, antiviral treatment, vaccination, and other approaches. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4047 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4047/2113

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 23 5 2024 10 06 476 488 Mehrdad Mahalleh Research Center for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir Behnoush Research Center for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amirmohammad Khalaji Research Center for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Gouravani Research Center for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ramin Assempoor Research Center for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmadreza Jamshidi Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Mahmoudi Research Center for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham Farhadi Research Center for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 07 20 2024 09 14 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovial tissue transformation and fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) proliferation. Galectin-3 is gaining attention as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for RA diagnosis. Elevated levels of Galectin-3 cause RA-FLSs to stimulate and generate proinflammatory agents, contributing to cartilage degradation and osteoclast formation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate published evidence and support future investigation of Galectin-3 as an early biomarker for RA. A systematic search was performed through four databases, including PubMed, the Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, to find the studies examining Galectin-3 in individuals with RA compared to healthy controls. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Random-effects meta-analysis comparing serum/plasma Galectin-3 levels between individuals with RA and healthy control groups was performed to determine the standardized mean differences (SMD) along with 95% confidence intervals. Following the initial search, studies went through screening. 12 studies, involving 773 patients with RA and 411 healthy controls, were included. Meta-analysis of the included studies revealed that individuals with RA had significantly higher levels of circulatory Galectin-3 compared to healthy control groups (SMD 0.957, 95% CI 0.393 to 1.520). Univariable meta-regression showed no significant association between age, publication year, sample size, or the male percentage with effect size. According to the results, Galectin-3 might be useful as a biomarker for RA. To support these findings, further investigations of Galectin-3 as a possible early biomarker of RA is necessary.  https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4160 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4160/2114

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 23 5 2024 10 06 594 599 Zahra Shahraki ghadimi Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Simin Sadeghi Bojd Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Ali Ibne Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Nima Parvane Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Childrens Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Atabaki Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Ebrahim Alijani Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2024 02 18 2024 07 08 Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by the leakage of protein from the blood into the urine along with the triad of proteinuria, albuminuria, and peripheral edema. Loss of protein leads to the loss of immunoglobulin and complements. X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), or Bruton disease, is a primary immunodeficiency disease caused by a defect in the development of B cells in the bone marrow and a low serum level of immunoglobulins. The present case involves a 12-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome, osteomyelitis, and recurrent infections. We discovered that he had XLA. This report underscores the importance of considering inborn errors of immunity in cases of protein loss, such as nephrotic syndrome. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4033 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4033/2096

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 23 5 2024 10 06 489 501 Maryam Faraji Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mehdi Najmi Center of Non-Communicable Diseases Management, Deputy for Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Anoshirvan Kazemnejad Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Raheleh Shokouhi Shoormasti Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Fazlollahi Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Pourpak Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Moin Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 05 20 2024 08 14 The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of air pollutants and noise on the prevalence of childhood asthma in Tehran, Iran. The standardized questionnaire was completed by one of the parents of children aged 6–7 years or by adolescents aged 13–14 years. The asthma prevalence in ages 6-7 and 13–14 was found to be 8.8% and 17.44%, respectively. A significant positive association was observed between “ever wheezing” and monoxide carbon (CO) concentration (OR=1.84, 1.05-3.25 in 13–14 years), the occurrence of 4 to 12 wheezing attacks and sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration (Odds Ratio (OR)=1.39, 1.04-1.91) and particulate matter less than 2.5 micron (PM2.5) concentration (OR=1.38, 1.05-1.98 and OR=1.13, 0.98-1.39 in 6-7 and 13–14 years, respectively), as well as one night per week of sleep disturbances and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration (OR=1.09, 1.03-1.16 in 6–7 years, respectively). It was also found that there was a significant interaction between the noise level and particulate matter less than 10 micron (PM10) level. Based on the findings, exposure to certain outdoor air pollutants and noise can affect prevalence of asthma symptoms in residence of Tehran. The simultaneous presence of air pollutants and noise has an aggravating effect on the prevalence of asthma symptoms. Therefore, controlling sources of pollutants for reducing asthma symptoms is suggested. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4113 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4113/2115

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 23 5 2024 10 06 502 513 Hossein Esmaeilzadeh Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Babak Shahhosseini Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Mohammad Amin Gholami Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Hesamedin Nabavizadeh Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Soheila Alyasin Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Negar Mortazavi Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 2023 09 27 2024 05 09 Chronic rhinosinusitis is divided into two groups, which are Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). The rate of post-surgical recurrence in the CRSwNP is high, and predicting factors are unknown. This study aims to identify and evaluate risk factors associated with treatment-resistant and recurrent CRSwNP. This cross-sectional study evaluates demographic data and atopic risk factors in patients with CRSwNP, including a high IgE level (≥100 U/mL), skin prick test (SPT) for aeroallergens, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), and asthma prevalence. An oral aspirin challenge was performed to diagnose AERD. 191 patients with CRSwNP were enrolled, with 73 patients in the recurrent, and 118 patients in the non-recurrent group. The mean age of the patients in the recurrent group was 45.08±12.05. The mean age of the patients in the non-recurrent group was 42.89±11.73. 49. Asthma prevalence in recurrent- CRSwNP is significantly higher than non-recurrent CRSwNP Asthma severity in recurrent CRSwNP and AERD patients was significantly higher than in nonrecurrent CRSwNP and non-AERD patients. The level of IgE in the recurrent- CRSwNP is higher than non-recurrent CRSwNP. Positive SPT results for tree, weed, and mite allergens were higher in the non-recurrent- CRSwNP group compared to the recurrent CRSwNPgroup. Asthma had a significantly higher difference in AERD compared to non-AERD. The level of IgE in AERD is higher than non-AERD. Recurrent CRSwNP patients and AERD patients had Higher IgE levels. Asthma is more prevalent and more severe in both AERD and recurrent CRSwNP. However, a positive SPT result has been seen higher in non-recurrent CRSwNP. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3920 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3920/2116

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 23 5 2024 10 06 514 525 Mahdi Sajedi Shacker Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Amir Reza Dehghanian Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Razie Kiani Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mohammad Reza Haghshenas Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Nasrollah Erfani Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2023 08 14 2024 06 30 This study aimed to investigate the expression of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) immune checkpoint molecules in thyroid carcinomas and determine their association with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients. Thyroid tissue specimens from 100 patients diagnosed with primary thyroid carcinomas including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) were collected. Sections were prepared from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, and PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions were examined using immunohistochemistry. PD-1 was detected in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in 88% of the patients and tumor cells in 28% of the patients with 10% in PTC, 5% in FTC, 5% in MTC, and 8% in ATC). PD-L1 was found in tumor cells and TILs in 30% and 79% of the patients, respectively. Moreover, a significant difference was observed in PD-1 and PD-L1 expression between tumor cells and TILs across different tumor types. However, their expression in tumor cells and TILs was significantly higher in ATC compared to other tumor types. Additionally, the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was significantly associated with an advanced stage, higher tumor size, tumor necrosis, and mitosis. A significant positive correlation was also observed between the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in tumor cells and TILs. The higher expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 may contribute to tumor progression. Therefore, combinational immunotherapy by these immune checkpoint inhibitors might be a promising strategy for clinical improvement in patients with thyroid cancer, especially those with ATC. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3890 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3890/2117

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 23 5 2024 10 06 526 535 Elmira Noori Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mahdi Atabaki Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Sajad Dehnavi 1 Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Jalil Tavakol Afshari Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mojgan Mohammadi Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2023 08 16 2024 05 30 Osteoarthritis (OA) is among the most prevalent articular disorders, whose incidence is directly related to aging. Due to the antiinflammatory potential of curcumin as the active component of turmeric, the present study evaluated the effects of curcumin on the expression of genes related to T helper 17 (Th17), including forkhead box p3 (FOXP3), forkhead box o1 (FOXO1), transforming growth factor-β (TGFB1) and microRNA-873, human (HSA-MIR-873), in OA patients. Female patients with knee OA (n=30) were randomly categorized into 2 groups, including the intervention group who received curcumin (n=15) and the placebo (n=15) in a double-blind clinical trial for 3 months. The expression of FOXO1, FOXP3, TGFB1, and HSA-MIR-873 genes was evaluated by SYBR Green real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In the curcumin group, FOXO1 gene expression was significantly increased, while the increase in FOXP3 gene expression was not significant. Moreover, the expression level of the HSA-MIR-873 gene showed a significant increase in the curcumin group. The modulatory effects of curcumin on Th17 function might be associated with the expression of FOXO1 and HSA-MIR-873 genes.  https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3901 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3901/2118

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 23 5 2024 10 06 539 549 Xiuzhen Wang Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China Caijie Liu Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China 2024 01 07 2024 04 17 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is frequent, an imbalance between helper cells (Th) and regulatory T cells (Treg) is the fundamental immunological cause of RA. This study investigates how recombinant human programmed cell death 1 (PD-L1) protein affects circulating T follicular helper (cTfh), circulating T follicular regulatory (cTfr), and their equilibrium. Magnetic bead sorting was used to select CD4+CXCR5+T cells from RA patients' and healthy individuals' peripheral blood mononuclear cells for in vitro growth. Recombinant human PD-L1 protein stimulated CD4+CXCR5+T cells. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry surface labeling, ELISA, and RT-PCR were used to measure CD4+CXCR5+T cell proliferation inhibition, cTfh and cTfr frequencies, IL-21 expression, and PI3K, AKT, Bcl-6, and Blimp-1 mRNA levels. The recombinant human PD-L1 protein dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of CD4+CXCR5+T cells in active RA peripheral blood. However, it has a weaker inhibitory effect on healthy peripheral blood CD4+CXCR5+T cells. PD-L1 protein decreased cTfh in active RA peripheral blood CD4+CXCR5+T overall cultured cells but did not affect cTfr; The cTfr/cTfh ratio increased but did not affect the frequency of cTfh and cTfr in healthy persons' cultured CD4+CXCR5+T cells. PD-L1 protein reduced IL-21 in CD4+CXCR5+T cell culture supernatant from active RA peripheral blood. Recombinant human PD-L1 protein lowered PI3K, AKT, and Bcl-6 mRNA in active RA peripheral blood CD4+CXCR5+T cell culture, including significant differences. But Blinmp-1 mRNA variations were neither substantial nor statistically different. PD-1/PD-L1 limits cTfh proliferation, differentiation, and activation via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway regulates its immunological balance with cTfr, and corrects the cTfr/cTfh imbalance by controlling their interaction.  https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3993 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3993/2120

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 23 5 2024 10 06 550 562 Juan Cui Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China Shufang Wang Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China Sicheng Bi Department of Urology Surgery, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China Hong Zhou Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China Lichao Sun Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China 2024 01 25 2024 05 05 Emodin, derived from Rheum officinale and aloe, is known for its diverse benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Currently, the impact of emodin on urosepsis is unclear. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of action of emodin in urosepsis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were purchased from Cloud-Clone Animal Inc. and treated with emodin. Cell viability and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level were then assessed. In a separate experiment a urosepsis model was established in Sprague Dawley rats which were subsequently treated with emodin. The levels of oxidative stress-related factors, serum complements and inflammatory factors were measured using commercial kits. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels were determined using a fully automatic biochemical analyzer. The levels of pro-inflammatory proteins and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathway-related proteins were evaluated via Western blot. PBMCs were unaffected by emodin concentrations below 60 μg/mL, and minimal LDH levels were detected in the cells. Emodin attenuated the effects of Escherichia coli and diminished the production of serum complements, oxidative stress-related proteins, and inflammatory factors in PBMCs. Notably, the effects of emodin were lessened by an AMPK pathway inhibitor. Additionally, emodin alleviated oxidative stress, complement system activation, inflammation, and kidney injury in urosepsis rats through the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway. Emodin improved kidney damage in urosepsis rats by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway, which reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and complement system activation. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4011 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4011/2121

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 23 5 2024 10 06 563 577 Mahtab Tapak Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Laboratory, Alinasab Hospital, Iranian Social Security Organization (ISSO), Tehran, Iran Somaye Sadeghi Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran Tooba Ghazanfari Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Immunology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Nariman Mosaffa Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran S. Zahra Mirsanei Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Mahmoud Masiha Hashemi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 01 25 2024 02 29 Sulfur mustard (SM) is an established chemical weapon that can result in severe damage to parts of the body. Currently, there are no effective treatments available for SM-caused damage.  We aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) and conditioned medium (CM-MSCs) in acute and chronic pulmonary mouse models caused by 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), an SM analog. The mice were divided into 4 experimental groups:(1) CEES+AD-MSCs, (2) CEES+CM-MSCs, (3) CEES, and (4) control. The model observation time was divided into 7 days for the short and 6 months for the long term. AD-MSCs were injected into mice via intraperitoneal injection 24 hours after CEES exposure. The therapeutic effects of AD-MSCs on pulmonary tissue damage were assessed using histopathologic assay, measuring the neutrophil count, and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein level. The levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as the outcomes of interest. Lung damage progression was reduced by AD-MSC treatment in mice after CEES injection into the peritoneum. The proportion of CD11b+F4/80+ macrophages in peritoneum was significantly lowered by AD-MSC treatment following CEES exposure. AD-MSC administration also reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, BALF protein, and nitric oxide levels in the peritoneal cavity. By reducing inflammation and enhancing tissue healing, AD-MSCs and CM-MSC help prevent acute lung damage caused by CEES. The current study supports the use of a mouse model as a solid experimental foundation and indicates potential use for future cell treatment. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4013 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4013/2122

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 23 5 2024 10 06 578 587 Baotao Cao The Second Department of Joint, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China Guangyuan Liu The First Department of Joint, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China Kai Gao Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China Wenqi Fan Department of Pediatrics, Shijiazhuang Maternity Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China Wei Zhao The First Department of Joint, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China Baibai Wang The Second Department of Joint, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China 2024 01 26 2024 03 05 Glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GOA) is characterized by chronic inflammation leading to joint damage. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising therapies because of their immunomodulatory functions. The anti-inflammatory effects of EVs from human Adipose-derived MSCs (hADSCs) overexpressing microRNA (miR)-146a were investigated in experimental GOA in this study. hADSCs were transfected with a mimic negative control or miR-146a mimics. GOA was induced in C57/Bl6j mice, and subsequently, the animals were treated intra-articularly with phosphate-buffered saline, miR-146a EVs, or miR-control EVs. The expression of miR-146a and its targeted cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-17, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were analyzed in the spleen of mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and in the articular cartilage by real-time polymerase chain reaction. miR-146a EVs showed enrichment of miR-146a. In GOA mice, miR-146a EV treatment significantly reduced expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17, and TNF-α and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and IL-4 compared to controls. miR-146a EV treatment raised the anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines of the spleen in treated mice. This study demonstrates that EVs derived from hADSCs overexpressing miR-146a have enhanced anti-inflammatory potential in GOA by modulating cytokine expression and production. EVs engineered with inflammation-related miRNAs could be a cell-free therapeutic approach for GOA.   https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4016 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4016/2123