Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 22 4 2023 09 03 327 336 Shole Daneshvar-Ghahfarokhi Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Vahid Mohammadi-Shahrokhi Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran AND Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Amir Rahnama Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Reza Nosratabadi Department of Medical Immunology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2022 11 27 2023 04 16 Asthma is a chronic disorder characterized by airway overreaction and remodeling, eosinophilia, and neutrophilic inflammation, accompanied by thickening of the airways and breathlessness. Teucrium polium (TP) is a plant with anti-inflammatory properties and is considered for the treatment of allergic disorders. In this study, we examined the effects of TP extract on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. Thirty female mice (5–6 weeks old) were divided into 5 groups of 6 each, including a control group and 4 groups treated with OVA, OVA + TP extract (50 mg/kg), OVA + TP extract (150 mg/kg), OVA + TP extract (300 mg/kg). Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, lung, serum, and spleen samples were collected and used for the evaluation of leukocyte infiltration, serum cytokine Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels, and the expression of the Interleukin-12A (IL12A) gene, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate pathological changes in the lung tissue sections. Treatment with TP extract reduced inflammatory cells such as eosinophils and neutrophils in the airways. Furthermore, it increased serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-12A at a dose of 50, 150, and 300 mg/kg compared to the OVA group. This study showed that the administration of TP extract could improve pathological features, such as airway inflammation, and reduce systemic inflammation. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3722 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3722/1960

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 22 4 2023 09 03 337 344 EN Anahita Razaghian Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nima Parvaneh Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Akbar Amirzargar Molecular Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Gharagozlou Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 11 12 2023 07 15 Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic lung diseases that afflict genetically predisposed individuals. Certain cytokine gene polymorphisms have been associated with asthma. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a potent inflammatory cytokine that can modulate nonspecific inflammation to influence asthma. This study aimed to define the relationship between the TNF gene polymorphism at position -308 and asthma susceptibility, as well as atopic and non-atopic asthma. Using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers, we investigated genotype frequencies and alleles of a polymorphic gene coding for TNF-α in 86 pediatric patients with asthma and 470 healthy controls of the same race. Seventy-four patients underwent a skin prick test. The homozygous AA variant (-308, rs1800629) was the most common genotype among patients, accounting for 63.3% of all cases. In contrast, homozygous GG (-308) was significantly less prevalent in the patient group compared to the control group. TNF A (-308) allele frequency was 85.5% among asthma patients and 16.6% among healthy controls. The genotype and allele frequencies of TNF (-308 A>G, rs1800629) did not differ between atopic and non-atopic asthma. In conclusion, TNF (-308) AA and AG genotypes are associated with asthma susceptibility in Iranian children, although there was no significant difference in polymorphism between atopic and non-atopic asthma and no difference in asthma severity groups. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3708 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3708/1982

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 22 4 2023 09 03 345 353 Amir-Reza Javanmard Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchinghaleh Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Ruhollah Dorostkar Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Tat Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran 2022 12 23 2023 04 08 COVID-19, an acute respiratory syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was first reported in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly escalated into a global pandemic. The condition can lead to organ dysfunction and ultimately death through its onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Disease severity has been linked to proinflammatory cytokines which activate the NF-κB and STAT transcription factors in infected cells. It has been proven that lncRNAs play a very important role in reducing or increasing inflammatory factors. This makes them potentially valuable in recognizing pathogenesis pathways and therapeutic targets in COVID-19. Nanocurcumin is known as an antioxidant, tumor suppressor and anti-inflammatory substance, and it can be effective to reduce inflammation caused by the disease of COVID-19. This study analyzed Sequence Read Archive data from COVID-19 patients with acute versus milder symptoms, identifying dysregulated genes and non-coding RNAs. To verify this correlation, the expression of the candidate gene was evaluated with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in mouse models, while immunoglobulin (Ig) G titer was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in mouse serum samples. Here we introduced a novel lncRNA called HSD17B3-AS1, suggested as a therapeutic target in COVID-19 patients with acute symptoms. Furthermore, we revealed nanocurcumin is reducing the expression of HSD17B3-AS1 which leads to reduced inflammation in mice. These results suggest that HSD17B3-AS1 plays a significant regulatory role in managing COVID-19, and the downregulation of HSD17B3-AS1 by Nanocurcumin presents a promising treatment option for minimizing complications in COVID-19 patients. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3739 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3739/1972

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 22 4 2023 09 03 354 365 Nasrin Mohebi Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elia Damavandi Specialized Medical Genetic Center, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch of Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran AND Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Yara Institute, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch of Academic, Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran Abdol-Rahman Rostamian Department of Rheumatology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maliheh Javadi-Arjmand Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shafieh Movassaghi Department of Rheumatology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Choobineh School of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Majid Kabuli Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Ghadami Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 09 03 2023 06 16 Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and destruction of the joints. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the expression of microRNA (miR)-155-5p, miR-210-3p, and miR-16-5p in the plasma of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison with a healthy control group to attain an expression profile for earlier diagnosis and treatment. To carry out this study, 100 individuals were chosen as two equally sized groups of rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy controls. Five milliliters of blood were drawn from each individual, and plasma RNA was extracted using Trisol solution. Complementary DNAs were synthesized using the Moloney leukemia virus (MMLV) and deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP). Finally, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was implemented using the SYBR Green kit. The mean expression of miR-155-5p, miR-210-3p, and miR-16-5p were 2.46±2.79, 1.97±1.90, and 69.62±88.44 in the rheumatoid arthritis group, and 0.34±0.33, 9.82±9.34, and 7.94±7.09 in the healthy group, respectively. Additionally, significant differences were revealed in the relative  expression of the selected microRNAs in 4 subgroups of rheumatoid arthritis patients with different disease activities based on the disease activity score 28 (DAS28). ROC curve analysis showed that miR-155-5p (area under the curve, AUC=0.90, sensitivity=80%, specificity=81%), miR-210-3p (AUC=0.75, sensitivity=66%, specificity=71%), and miR-16-5p (AUC=0.96, sensitivity=89%, specificity=82%) could be potential biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis. Increased expressions of miR-16-5p and miR-155-5p and decreased expression of miR-210-3p in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared with healthy individuals demonstrate the effectiveness of these microRNAs in disease incidence and progression. Thus, the expression levels of these microRNAs can be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3652 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3652/1973

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 22 4 2023 09 03 366 378 Mohadeseh Valizadeh Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Shiva Irani Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mahmood Tavallaei Genetics Research Center, Baqiatallah Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran Masoud Soleimani Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2023 07 03 2023 08 07 Sulfur mustard (SM) or mustard gas is a blister chemical agent that causes pulmonary damage by triggering inflammation and oxidative injury. Alterations in microRNA (miR) transcript levels are found in pulmonary diseases and even inflammation. Therefore, we evaluated the expression levels of miR-20a-5p, miR-21-5p, and two target transcripts (transforming growth factor-beta [TGF-β1] and TGF-β receptor 2 [TGFR2]) in lung, serum, and skin samples from patients exposed to SM. Total RNA was extracted from lung, serum, and skin samples of patients with moderate (n=10) and high (n=10) SM exposure, as well as 10 healthy subjects. Following the synthesis of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid using real-time polymerase chain reaction, we determined the expression levels of miR-20a-5p, miR-21-5p, TGF-β1, and TGFR2 transcripts. Furthermore, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the chosen miRs by employing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculating the area under the ROC curve. The results showed that miR-20a-5p and miR-21-5p expressions in the groups with moderate and high SM exposure were significantly lower than the normal controls. The expression analysis demonstrated that TGFR2 was significantly less expressed in skin samples exposed to SM in both groups of patients compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, the TGF-β1 expression in the skin samples of the group with moderate SM exposure was lower than that of the normal control group. Our findings suggest that miR-20a-5p, miR-21-5p, TGF-β1, and TGFR2 expressions could be used as potential biomarkers for discriminating SM-exposed patients from healthy individuals. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3873 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3873/1974

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 22 4 2023 09 03 379 389 EN Nasrin Noshadi Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran AND Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran Ramin Yaghoubi Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Afsoon Afshari Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mohsen Forouzanfar Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran Saeede soleimanian Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2023 03 12 2023 07 15 The reactivation of polyomavirus BK (BKPyV) contributes to increased morbidity and mortality rates of transplant patients, especially kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). CD4+ T cells are important immune cells active during BKPyV infection in KTRs. This research tried to examine the phenotype of CD4+ T cells in the stage of BKPyV activation in KTRs.The re cipients were separated into 2 groups of BKPyV-active and nonactive KTRs (10 patients in each group) and were compared with 10 healthy control subjects. The viral load was evaluated by Taq-man quantitative real-time PCR. The frequency of different CD4+ T cell subsets was determined by analyzing markers such as CD45RO, CCR7, CD27, CD107a, perforin, and granzyme B using flow cytometry. The gene expression levels of transcription factors, including TBX21, GATA3, STAT3, and STAT6, contributing to CD4+ T cell activation, were also assessed. A significantly higher proportion in CCR7+CD27+CD45RO-CD4+ T cell (naive Tcell) subsets was detected in BKPyV-active KTRs compared to nonactive ones. A significant increase was detected in the frequency of CD107a+, perforin+, and granzyme B+ CD4+ T cells in the BKPyV-active group compared to the nonactive group. In CD4+ T cells of KTRs, the mRNA expression of TBX21  and GATA3 was significantly increased in KTRs without BKPyV reactivation compared to BKPyV-active ones. This investigation focused on the CD4+ T cell as an immunodominant T cell type with potential cytotoxicity. Based on these results, BKPyV may have a direct influence on the repertoire of CD4+ T cell subsets. Particularly, cytotoxic CD4+ T cells need further investigation to be considered as a therapeutic approach for BKPyV infection. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3791 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3791/1975

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 22 4 2023 09 03 390 397 Hassan Ghobadi Lung Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Jafar Mohammadshahi Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil Iran Aylin Tarighi Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Seyed Amir Hossein Hosseini Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Kara Garjani Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Mohammad Reza Aslani Lung Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran AND Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2022 06 08 2023 05 14 Despite studies indicating that asthma patients do not exhibit a higher mortality rate or severity compared to the general population when infected with COVID-19, there have been few reports on predictive factors for mortality in this context. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of systemic inflammation indices including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), systemic inflammation response index (SIR-I), and systemic inflammation index (SII) in determining mortality rate among patients with COVID-19 and asthma. In this prospective study, the laboratory parameters of 1792 COVID-19 patients were examined, with a subgroup consisting of 112 patients with asthma and 1680 patients without asthma. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to assess the potential of inflammatory indices in indicating COVID-19 severity, while Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized to analyze the survival probability with death as the outcome. In deceased non-asthma patients, the levels of leukocyte and differential cell counts, and the values of PLR, NLR, MLR, SII, and SIR-I were higher than in survivors. In contrast, all the above values except PLR and MLR were significant in the asthma groups. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves were consistent with the ROC analysis. However, a multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that neutrophil counts in non-asthma subjects and leukocyte and neutrophil counts in asthma patients remained significant for survival. In conclusion, while numerous inflammatory indices were associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients without asthma, neutrophil counts could independently predict mortality risk in asthma COVID-19 patients. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3567 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3567/1961

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 22 4 2023 09 03 398 404 Mitra Khalili Department of Radiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Chavoshzadeh Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Pediatric Infectious Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sepideh Darougar Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mahboubeh Mansouri Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Narges Eslami Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Delara Babaie Department of Allergy and Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Network for Immunology in Infection, Malignancy, And Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran 2024 12 04 2025 04 23   The autosomal recessive form of hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (AR-HIES), caused by mutations in the DOCK8 (Dedicator of Cytokinesis 8) gene, presents a wide range of clinical manifestations and phenotypically overlaps with several types of combined immunodeficiency disorders characterized by elevated serum IgE levels. Due to the high rates of morbidity and mortality, as well as the potential curability through hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), early and accurate differential diagnosis of this syndrome is crucial for optimal management and improved prognosis. Flow cytometry tests can be beneficial for early diagnosis of many inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), including this syndrome. This study, conducted for the first time on Iranian patients, investigated the expression of the DOCK8 protein. DOCK8 expression was assessed by flow cytometry in 14 patients (6 males and 8 females) with a clinical diagnosis of DOCK8 deficiency. The diagnosis was ultimately confirmed through genetic testing. The results showed that DOCK8 expression in patients was significantly lower compared to the healthy control group. Flow cytometric evaluation of DOCK8 protein expression offers a rapid and efficient diagnostic method with a sensitive detection range suitable for many cases. This approach can facilitate the diagnosis of DOCK8 deficiency, thereby enabling timely and effective disease management.  https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4267 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4267/2246

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 24 6 2025 10 29 808 817 Rong Li Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, Shaanxi China. Ying Yan Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, Shaanxi China. Fei Liu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, Shaanxi China. Xiaoyu Gao Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, Shaanxi China. Xianling Fu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, Shaanxi China. Luona Hu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, Shaanxi China. Yanhong Li Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, Shaanxi China. 2025 05 29 2025 06 16 This study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of HOXB9, DLX5, NGR1, and GATA6 in endometrial cancer tissues compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry, the researchers found significant upregulation of HOXB9, DLX5, and NGR1, and downregulation of GATA6 in endometrial cancer samples. The biomarker expression levels correlated with clinicopathological features, and survival analysis revealed that high expression of HOXB9, DLX5, and NGR1 was associated with poorer prognosis, while high GATA6 expression indicated better outcomes. These findings suggest that these biomarkers may play crucial roles in endometrial cancer development and progression, highlighting their potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4469 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4469/2247

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 24 6 2025 10 29 818 833 Maryam Rezaeezade_Roukerd Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Manijeh Dogani Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Sahel Motaghi Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Mehdi Abbasnejad Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran 2025 02 04 2025 02 25 Spinal cord injuries (SCI) lead to complex primary and secondary damage that disrupts neural function. Current treatments are often insufficient and unable to fully repair spinal cord injuries, highlighting the urgent need for new medicines and innovative therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of abscisic acid (ABA) in SCI by examining its effects on immune-inflammatory genes’ expression in rats. This phytohormone possesses anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, rendering it a potential agent for reducing secondary damage following spinal cord injury. Additionally, we performed protein-protein interaction (PPI), pathway enrichment, functional annotation, and gene ontology (GO) analyses to gain a comprehensive understanding of the functions of the affected genes. Based on the results, SCI led to changes in the expression of immune/inflammation-related genes in rats. However, the administration of ABA alleviated the effects. ABA downregulated proinflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-1β, MCP, TLR2, TLR4) and neural signaling components (NMDA, AMPA, NK1R), while upregulating adrenergic receptors (ADRA1A, ADRB1) and a gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (AGBRA2). PPI analysis identified FOS, IL-1β, IL-6, MMP9, and TLR4 as crucial nodes in the network, exhibiting the highest degree of interaction. Functional analyses revealed potential impacts on cellular responses, metabolic processes, and synapse-associated extracellular matrix components. Notably, these genes were enriched in inflammatory signaling pathways according to KEGG analysis. These findings suggest that ABA has a significant modulatory effect on gene expression following SCI, particularly in reducing inflammation and immune responses, thereby highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for SCI. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4329 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4329/2249

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 24 6 2025 10 29 834 850 Mi Xiang Department of Obstetrics, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Yi Yu Department of Obstetrics, Puren Hospital Affil