Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 22 2 2023 04 30 138 149 Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh Student Research Committee, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalpour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mohammad Abbas Bejeshk Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalpour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran AND Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran Hamid Najafipour Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalpour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Maryam Eftekhari Department of Genetics, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Hormozegan, Iran Merat Mahmoodi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mahdokht Azizi Department of Pathology, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Yasuj University of Medical Science, Yasuj, Iran Fahimeh Rostamabadi Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran AND Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran Hossein Pourghadamyari Student Research Committee, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran ANDDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Research Center for Hydatid Disease, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2022 10 01 2023 01 29 Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways. We assessed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative impacts of quercetin, a plant derivative, on inflammatory and oxidative indices in lung tissue and serum of rats with asthma.Asth ma was induced by ovalbumin. Rats were divided into 4 groups: control, asthma+vehicle (Receieved normal saline), asthma+dexamethasone, and asthma+quercetin. After asthma induction, quercetin (50 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (2.5 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally once daily for 1 week. On day 50, lung histopathology indices; inflammatory factors; tissue gene expression, including GATA Binding Protein 3 (Gata-3), Tbx21 (T-bet), Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Il10 (IL-10), Il1b (IL-1β), Il6 (IL-6), Acta2 (α-SMA), and Tnf (TNF-α); and oxidative stress indices (malondialdehyde [MDA], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPX], superoxide dismutase [SOD], and total antioxidant capacity [TAC]) in tissue and serum, were evaluated. The results showed that quercetin reduced Gata3, Tnf, Tgfb1, Il1b, and Acta2 gene expression and increased Tbx21 gene expression following asthma. Quercetin also improved oxidative stress by decreasing MDA levels and increasing TAC, CAT, SOD, and GPX levels in serum and lung tissue. Furthermore, quercetin decreased IL6 and TNFα levels and increased IL10 levels in lung tissue after asthma was treated with quercetin. Quercetin ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation caused by asthma, especially at the tissue level. Therefore, quercetin can be considered a potent antiasthmatic agent. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3668 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3668/1935

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 22 2 2023 04 30 124 137 Hua Feng School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China AND State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China Yongning Wu State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China AND Corresponding Author, NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China 2021 11 02 2022 11 22 The global prevalence of allergies is on the rise. Food allergies are of special concern among children under 5 years of age, leading to morbidity and mortality. Though the standard management is avoidance, probiotics are being used widely to prevent and treat food allergies. We aimed to determine the effect of probiotics as a therapeutic option for controlling food and cow’s milk allergy among children under 5 years of age. A systematic search of electronic medical literature databases was conducted. We included all eligible randomized controlled trials available from inception until May 2021. The primary outcome of interest was the relief of allergic symptoms, while the secondary outcome was the induction of tolerance. Two investigators undertook the literature search, screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal independently. Data analysis and synthesis were performed using STATA 14 software. Subgroup analysis was performed for the duration of use and follow-up, and the age category of children included in the outcome were done. Twenty trials involving 4043 pediatric patients with food allergies were included in the review. Subgroup analysis also revealed that probiotics were effective in treating food allergies across the various subgroups included in the model. Around 15 trials reported our primary outcome, relief of symptoms, as a binary variable, which was pooled to obtain a risk ratio of 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–0.95), with very low heterogeneity (I2 7.7%). Six trials were included for the secondary outcome of interest, which gave an imprecise pooled estimate of 1.29 (95% CI, 0.98–1.70) with significant heterogeneity (I2 7). Thus, we conclude that probiotics can serve as a vital therapeutic option in tackling food allergies among children less than 5 years of age. Further larger studies exploring the effectiveness of individual strains and their safety pattern are essential.  https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3393 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3393/1937

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 22 2 2023 04 30 212 216 Norio Kodaka Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan Chihiro Nakano Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan Takeshi Oshio Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan Takatomo Hirouchi Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan Yuka Yamada Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan Hiroto Matsuse Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan 2022 03 23 2023 03 13 No Abstract No Abstract No Abstract https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3489 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3489/1939

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 22 2 2023 04 30 208 211 Simona Barni Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy Marta Vazquez-Ortiz National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom Mattia Giovannini 1 Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy AND Department of healt Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy Giulia Liccioli Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy Lucrezia Sarti Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy Giulia Lascialfari Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy Laura Pisano Immunology and Molecular Microbiology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy Silvia Boscia Immunology and Molecular Microbiology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy Francesca Mori Allergy Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy 2022 06 07 2023 03 13 Shellfish is defined as any edible marine invertebrate and refers to crustaceans and mollusks. Crustaceans belong to the phylum Arthropods. Mollusks belong to the phylum Mollusca. This report illustrates a rare case of a 6-year-old girl with challenge-proven acute food protein–induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) to cuttlefish (phylum Mollusca, class Cephalopoda), anaphylaxis to crustaceans (phylum Arthropoda), and tolerance to other mollusks, including clams and mussels (phylum Mollusca, class Bivalvia). The association of IgE-mediated food allergy and acute FPIES seen in this case is rare. To our knowledge, this is the first case of FPIES to cuttlefish reported in a child. This challenge highlights the need for further research into the allergens and mechanisms underpinning FPIES at a molecular level, enabling a better understanding of cross-reactivity patterns and the development of diagnostic and predictive tests to assist in clinical practice. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3566 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3566/1940

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 22 2 2023 04 30 150 162 EN Shadi Paydarfar Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Amin Abbasi Firoozabadi Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit (FHCRDU), School of Medicine, Iran University Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran, Iran Ali Hashemi Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sodabe Taheri Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojgan Bandehpour Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nariman Mosaffa Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 03 01 2022 10 25 Extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is considered one of the most dangerous threats to global health, requiring novel therapeutic interventions. The outer membrane protein A (OmpA) is an immunogenic agent that triggers immune responses. The current study evaluated serum antibody levels against previously determined immunogenic OmpA peptides from A baumannii in ICU staff. Serum samples were collected from 62 ICU staff members (representing the exposed group), healthy controls (representing the nonexposed group), and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (as controls for nonspecific antibody reactions). After excluding the cross-reactive antibodies via Escherichia coli lysate pretreatment, all the samples were assessed in the vicinity of A baumannii lysate by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All the positive samples were assessed for interaction with previously designed and selected peptides using ELISA. The protective potential of positive serum antibodies was surveyed in vitro using an opsonophagocytic study. The most antibody positive samples against one of the dominant peptides were determined in the ICU personnel (75%).  SLE serum samples did not react with candidate peptides. The strongest positive reaction was observed in serum treatment with one of the OmpA peptides (No. 5) with significant differences compared to other designed peptides. Our findings showed that ICU samples have substantially higher antibody levels than the nonexposed group; Positive samples show strong results in the opsonophagocytosiis assay. This study demonstrates A baumannii colonization at human mucosal surfaces, especially in exposed healthy workers. Novel OmpA-derived peptides could be used to identify immunogenic vaccine candidates. Therefore, more studies are needed  before this peptide and antibody levels are used in diagnosis, prevention, or treatment.   https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3473 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3473/1932

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 22 2 2023 04 30 172 182 EN Elham Shokati Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Morteza Motallebnezhad Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elaheh Safari Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 08 22 2023 01 09 Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is a functional component of Astragalus membranaceus with antitumor and immunomodulatory properties. This study evaluated the effect of APS on th Fallahpour Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hazrat Rasoul-E-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Sima Shokri Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hazrat Rasoul-E-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Javad Ahmadian Department of Pediatric, Emam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Rasool Molatefi Department of Pediatrics, Bu Ali Hospital, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran Mahsa Rekabi Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zeinab Moinfar Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Paniz Hashemitari School of Medicine, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy Narges Eslami Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children’s Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 08 06 2021 02 07 Asthmatic patients may have aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease and experience acute dyspnea and nasal symptoms within 3 hours after the ingestion of aspirin. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and outcome of daily low-dose aspirin in the treatment of moderate to severe asthma in patients with concomitant aspirin hypersensitivity and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). This clinical trial was conducted from February 2014 to February 2015 on 46 adult patients with moderate to severe asthma accompanied by CRSwNP. Patients with a positive aspirin challenge were blindly randomized in three groups receiving placebo/day (A); aspirin 100 mg/day (B); and aspirin 325mg/day (C), respectively. Clinical findings, FEV1 and ACT scores were recorded and compared before, during, and after treatment for 6 months. Of 46 participants at baseline, 30 patients completed this 6-month trial study. The level of asthma control was significant; based on Asthma Control Test (ACT) when comparing the results in groups A and C and also groups B and C, but it was not significant when comparing ACT scores between groups A and B. FEV1 before and after treatment was significant when comparing groups A and B, groups A and C, and groups B and C. To conclude, aspirin desensitization with a daily dose of 325 mg aspirin resulted in the improvement of long-term control of asthma. A daily aspirin dose of 100 mg was not associated with such an increase in ACT score. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/2925 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/2925/1702

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 20 3 2021 06 06 294 302 Heidar Ali Kafashan Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran Ahmad Reza Khosravi Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Soheila Alyasin Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran AND Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Najmeh Sepahi Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Zahra Kanannejad Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Farzaneh Mohammad Ali Zadeh Shirazi Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Sahar Karami Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2021 01 19 2021 03 11 Airborne pollen is considered one of the causative agents of hay fever, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. We aimed to investigate airborne pollens in the context of Shiraz located in the southwest of Iran and find their association with meteorological parameters.  The survey was conducted from October 2017 to September 2018, using seven days of volumetric Burkard spore trap, located in the center of the city. A total of 5810 pollen grains/m3 belonging to 15 taxa were identified and recorded. Among them, 73.8% was the tree, while the grass, shrub, and weed constituted 13.56%, 3.5%, and 9.2% of total reported pollens, respectively. The major pollen types were Platanaceae (28.39%), Oleaceae (21.17%), Pinaceae (15.11%), Amaranthaceae (9.29%), and Brassicaceae (8.02%). A higher number of pollen counts and types were recorded in March, followed by September, while it was lower in May. Meteorological parameters were correlated with the monthly pollen counts. Wind speed was found to have a positive correlation with Platanaceae concentration. The significant correlation between pollen concentration and the temperature was positive for Poaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Plantaginaceae and negative for Rosaceae, Oleaceae, and Ulmaceae.  Poaceae and Amaranthaceae were negatively correlated with humidity and positively with Rosaceae, Oleaceae, and Plantaginaceae. A negative correlation was found between rainfall and Poaceae and Amaranthaceae, while Plantaginaceae had a positive correlation with this parameter. The results of this study may be helpful for allergologists in the diagnosis and treatment of airborne allergic disorders due to pollen grains. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3103 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3103/1706

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 20 3 2021 06 06 303 313 Mehdi Hassani School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Dehani School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Maryam Zare Rafie School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Emran Esmaeilzadeh Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran Saeideh Davar Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Bahram Pakzad Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran. Meysam Mosallaei School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Mohamad Hoseini Department of Pediatric, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Hadi Bayat Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran AND Medical Nano-Technology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Soosanabadi Department of Medical Genetics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 2021 04 12 2021 05 19 MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is known as an important regulator of the immune system and inflammatory response. Studies have reported that this miRNA is dysregulated in autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A functional analysis demonstrated that rs531564 (C>G) affects the biogenesis of primary microRNA transcript-124 (pri-miR-124) and changes the expression of mature miR-124. In the present study, for the first time, we intended to evaluate the possible association between rs531564 polymorphism with SLE and RA risk.  In this case-control study, 110 patients with SLE, 115 patients with RA, and 120 healthy subjects were enrolled to evaluate rs531564 genotypes with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) high resolution melting method. Our findings demonstrated that frequency of GC genotype and G allele were considerably higher in the control group than RA patients, demonstrating that that GC genotype and G allele have a protective effect for healthy individuals (GC vs CC; OR: 0.29; 95%CI [0.12,0.67] and G vs C; OR: 0.42; 95%CI [0.23,0.78]). However, no significant correlation was confirmed between allele and genotype frequencies of rs531564 with SLE risk (p>0.05). However, the G allele in rs531564 polymorphism was associated with serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), anti-dsDNA antibody, C3, C4, and creatinine, and frequency of renal involvements in SLE patients (p<0.05). Moreover, in RA patients, the G was correlated with lower concentration ESR and CRP (p<0.001).  Our findings propose a considerable association between rs531564 polymorphism in the pri-miR-124 gene with susceptibility and clinical characteristics of RA and SLE in the Iranian population. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3190 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3190/1719

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 20 3 2021 06 06 314 325 Ameneh Zare-Chahoki Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran Meysam Ahmadi-Zeidabadi Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Saeid Azadarmaki Clinical Laboratory, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran Samira Ghorbani Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Farshid Noorbakhsh Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 02 07 2021 04 27 Perturbed expression of microRNAs (miRs) has been reported in different diseases including autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. In this study, we investigated the expression of miR-25-3p and its targets in the central nervous system (CNS) tissue from mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We also analyzed the expression of miR-25 and its targets in activated macrophages and splenocytes. EAE was induced in 12-week old female C57BL/6 mice; using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55/complete Freund's adjuvant (MOG35-55/CFA) protocol. The expression of miR-25-3p and its targets, as well as the expression of inflammatory cytokines, were analyzed. We next established primary macrophage cultures as well as splenocyte cultures and evaluated the levels of miR-25-3p and its target genes in these cells following activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies, respectively. MiR-25-3p expression showed a strong positive correlation with the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1α, and IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokines. The expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) and Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) was significantly reduced at the peak of the disease. Interestingly, Pten and Klf4 expression showed a significant negative correlation with miR-25-3p. Analysis of miR-25-3p expression in LPS-treated primary macrophages revealed significant upregulation in cells treated with 100ng/ml of LPS. This was associated with suppressed levels of miR-25-3p targets in these cells. However, anti-CD3/anti-CD28-stimulated splenocytes failed to show any alterations in miR-25-3p expression compared with vehicle-treated cells. Our results indicate that miR-25-3p expression is likely induced by inflammatory mediators during autoimmune neuroinflammation. This upregulation is associated with decreased levels of Pten and Klf4, genes with known roles in cell cycle regulation and inflammation. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3120 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3120/1709

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 20 3 2021 06 06 326 337 Fatemeh Safari Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elia Damavandi Specialized Medical Genetic Center, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch of Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran AND Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Yara Institute, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch of Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran Abdol-Rahman Rostamian Department of Rheumatology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shafieh Movassaghi Department of Rheumatology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zeinab Imani-Saber Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojtaba Saffari