Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 21 5 2022 10 26 524 536 Chang Xu Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China AND Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, China Yilan Song Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China AND Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, China Chongyang Wang Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China AND Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, China Jingzhi Jiang Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China AND Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, China Zhiguang Wang Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China AND Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China Liangchang Li Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China AND Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, China Guanghai Yan Jilin Key Laboratory for Immune and Targeting Research on Common Allergic Diseases, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China AND Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin, China 2021 08 30 2022 05 23 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can participate in airway remodeling by regulating immune molecule expression. Here, we aimed to identify the differential miRNAs involved in airway remodeling. Airway remodeling was induced by ovalbumin in female BALB/C mice. The differentially expressed miRNAs were screened with microarray. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed. The miRNA target gene network and miRNA target pathway network were constructed. Verification with real-time PCR and Western blot was performed. We identified 63 differentially expressed miRNAs (50 up-regulated and 13 down-regulated) in the lungs of ovalbumin-induced airway remodeling mice. Real-time PCR confirmed that 3 miRNAs (mmu-miR-1931, mmu-miR-712-5p, and mmu-miR-770-5p) were significantly up-regulated, and 4 miRNAs (mmu-miR-128-3p, mmu-miR-182-5p, mmu-miR-130b-3p, and mmu-miR-20b-5p) were significantly down-regulated. The miRNA target gene network analysis identified key mRNAs in the airway remodeling, such as Tnrc6b (trinucleotide repeat containing adaptor 6B), Sesn3 (sestrin 3), Baz2a (bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2a), and Cux1 (cut like homeobox 1). The miRNA target pathway network showed that the signal pathways such as MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), PI3K/Akt (phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/protein kinase B), p53 (protein 53), and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) were closely related to airway remodeling in asthma. Collectively, differential miRNAs involved in airway remodeling (such as mmu-miR-1931, mmu-miR-712-5p, mmu-miR-770-5p, mmu-miR-128-3p mmu-miR-182-5p, and mmu-miR-130b-3p) as well as their target genes (such as Tnrc6b, Sesn3, Baz2a, and Cux1) and pathways (such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, p53, mTOR pathways) have been identified. Our findings may help to further understand the pathogenesis of airway remodeling. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3341 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3341/1879

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 21 5 2022 10 26 594 599 Mohammad Nabavi Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Faezeh Mohammadi School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saba Arshi Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hasan Bemanian Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Morteza Fallahpour Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Atashrazm Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sima Shokri Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 12 14 2022 04 24 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects millions of people worldwide. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to severe viral pneumonia. CVID patients with COVID-19 infection are not adequately studied. In some studies, CVID patients had higher mortality rates, although other studies showed that CVID patients might have an uncomplicated COVID-19 infection. We describe 14 cases of COVID-19 infection in Iranian CVID patients in this study, including clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and treatment strategies. There were 29% of patients with mild disease, 43% with moderate disease, and 29% with severe disease in this study. A critical case and a death occurred in none of our patients. There were six cases of infection more than two weeks after receiving the second dose of Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine; all had mild to moderate disease. Among these patients, Remdesivir was the most frequently prescribed medication. According to this study, most of our patients presented with an uncomplicated disease course. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3417 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3417/1888

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 21 5 2022 10 26 494 511 Soheila Asoudeh Moghanloo Department of Genetics, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran AND Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Forouzanfar Department of Genetics, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran Mojtaba Jafarinia Department of Genetics, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran Mohammad Reza Fazlollahi Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Gholam Ali Kardar Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 03 13 2022 07 05 Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) involves administering allergen extracts. It is used to desensitize allergic patients. Herbal allergen extracts that are optimum in efficacy and fewest in side effects are still challenging to produce. To overcome these limitations, oral immunotherapy, epicutaneous immunotherapy, intralymphatic immunotherapy, and artificial recombinant allergen preparations have been evaluated. Recombinant allergens have become more popular with the development of molecular diagnostics and therapeutics. Besides food and drug allergens, pollen, fungal spores, and other allergens have been studied. Based on related clinical studies, this comprehensive overview will present the latest perspectives on AIT methods and available allergenic products, as well as discuss the challenges and opportunities for treating allergic disorders. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3481 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3481/1886

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 21 5 2022 10 26 512 523 Hossein Esmaeilzadeh Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Maryam Zare Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Soheila Alyasin Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Hesamedin Nabavizadeh Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Negar Mortazavi Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Zahra Kanannejad Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2022 04 11 2022 07 06 Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. It is defined by asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, and a hypersensitivity reaction to aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Aspirin desensitization (AD) has been confirmed as an effective treatment to control AERD inflammation through the modulation of immune responses. We aimed to review AERD with an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. We also discussed the effect of AD on immunological markers involved in AERD pathogenesis. A search of electronic databases on AERD was performed. We included five randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on AD. We also searched databases for recent studies that investigated the effect of AD on the immunological mechanisms of AERD. RCTs have demonstrated the therapeutic effectiveness of AD on the patients’ quality of life, asthma symptom score, inhaled and oral steroid use, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), and inflammatory mediators. The clinical benefits of AD can occur though the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses that are involved in the pathogenesis of AERD. In addition to the valuable effects of AD in RCTs, some side effects such as gastrointestinal bleeding, asthma exacerbation, or rash have been reported that should be considered for reaching an optimal protocol for AD. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3510 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3510/1878

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 21 5 2022 10 26 537 548 EN Zhenzhen Su Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Lin Chen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Qian Niu Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Bin Yang Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Zhuochun Huang Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 2021 10 27 2022 07 06 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is caused by complicated interactions between genes and the environment. CXC chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) is required for B and T follicular helper cell migration and humoral immunity generation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether polymorphisms of the CXCR5 gene are implicated in RA development and progression. This case-control study enrolled 285 RA patients and 291 healthy controls. The polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction method was used to genotype rs630923, rs497916, rs3922, and rs676925 in the CXCR5 gene. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were collected retrospectively. The rs630923 A allele was associated with a higher risk of RA (AOR [adjusted odds ratio]=2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.14–3.53). However, in the RA group, the frequency of the rs497916 T allele was lower (AOR=0.69, 95% CI=0.51–0.93). Regarding rs3922, AG+GG genotype carriers were at a significantly lower risk for RA than AA genotype carriers (AOR=0.70, 95% CI=0.49–0.99). In the RA group, we found that the different genotypes were significantly associated with specific laboratory values, including rheumatoid factor, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase. This is the first report indicating that CXCR5 polymorphisms were associated with RA susceptibility. These findings lead to a rising possibility of identifying RA-susceptible individuals based on genetic markers. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3390 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3390/1881

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 21 5 2022 10 26 549 560 Erfan Basirat Student Research Committee, Medical School, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Danial Dehghan Student Research Committee, Medical School, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Ardeshir Abbasi Department of Immunology, Medical School, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran Nafiseh Pakravan Division of Immunology, Medical School, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 2022 02 07 2022 07 16 It is believed that preformed antibodies are responsible for blood transfusion reactions and transplant rejections. In order to remove a tumor, the tissue must be rejected. On the basis of transfusion reaction and transplantation immunology, we hypothesized that allogeneic serum can inhibit tumor growth when injected intra-tumor. Initially, an in vitro cytotoxicity test was conducted using the C57BL/6 serum (intact or decomplemented) in combination with the BALB/c-originating CT26 cell line.  The CT26 cell line was used to establish a mouse model of colon cancer. When the tumor was palpable, C57BL/6 serum was injected intra-tumor. In addition to tumor size, hypoxia, metastatic capacity, angiogenesis, and metabolic and inflammatory statspital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Immunology and Allergy, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 10 01 2020 08 23 This study aims to investigate the role of prenatal diagnosis (PND) in Iranian couples with a previous history of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDD) in their family. All referred couples with a family history of PIDD and a tendency for PND were included in this project. Based on gestational age, chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed to analyze the molecular defect of the fetus according to the previous gene defect of the affected case in the family. Postnatal confirmation was performed by immunological screening tests. In a total of 100 cases, CVS was not evaluated in 19 patients due to unwillingness (n=5), late prenatal referral (n=7), miscarriage before CVS (n=3), and female fetus with x-linked diseases in previous children (n=4). In the remaining 81 patients, heterozygous and homozygous mutations were found in 33 and 23 cases, respectively. The hemizygous mutation was obtained in 6 and no pathogenic mutations were found in 19 individuals. Postnatal evaluations revealed that a total of 65 babies were healthy, 32 fetuses were aborted (3 cases before CVS, 2 spontaneous abortions of a healthy and as affected fetus in the CVS subgroup, and 27 cases were aborted due to therapeutic causes). One fetus from the heterozygous subgroup was spontaneously aborted with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and one fetus from the homozygous subgroup that was supposed to be healthy was affected by the autosomal dominant-chronic granulomatous disease (AR-CGD). The diagnostic error was 1.2%. PND is highly recommended in families with a history of PID in their previous child to prevent an affected baby being born and to reduce the government, family, and personal burden of these diseases. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/2541

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 19 5 2020 10 18 550 554 EN Mohammad Nabavi Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Afshin Rezaeifar Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Sadeghinia Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saba Arshi Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sima Bahrami Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Bemanian Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Morteza Fallahpour Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sima Shokri Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Vakilazad Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 12 16 2020 09 07 Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease that may be triggered by some diseases and medications. For the latter one, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been identified as one of the potential causative agents to develop LABD. Here, a rare case of drug-induced LABD is introduced. A 13-month-old Iranian boy presented with a history of generalized blisters, displaying the classic “string of pearls” sign who was eventually diagnosed as a case of LABD. In his admission, he was diagnosed whit Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome and treated with aspirin.  Some features like appearing the characteristic lesions one week following the administration of aspirin, rapid clearance of lesions after the withdrawal of the drug, and reappearance of new lesions after readministration of aspirin were highly suggestive of aspirin-induced LABD. To establish the diagnosis, we used the “Naranjo probability score” which determined the probable causative role of aspirin. The diagnosis was confirmed by showing the positive IgA deposition in the basement membrane zone in a direct immunofluorescence study of the skin biopsy. The child was treated with dapsone with dramatical response to the drug. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/2641

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 19 5 2020 10 18 534 538 EN Masoumeh Beheshti Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahr-e-kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e-kord, Iran Zahra Salehi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Roya Abolfazli Department of Neurology, Amir A’lam Hospital, Tehran, Iran Hedayatolah Shirzad Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahr-e-kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e-kord, Iran Maryam Izad Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 09 17 2020 09 19 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, in which proinflammatory cytokines play a critical role in the pathogenic formation of lesions. Caspase-1 is a cysteine protease that proteolytically cleaves precursors of interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β and turns them into their active forms. These inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the development of MS. The aim of the present study was the investigation of caspase-1 and its downstream products, IL-18 and IL-1β, in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. In this study, we used an ELISA assay to measure serum and cellular caspase-1 and serum levels of IL-18 and IL-1β in RRMS patients in the relapse phase (n=23) and healthy age-and gender-matched controls (n=19). We observed that the caspase-1 level was significantly increased in the serum of MS patients compared to the healthy controls (p=0.03). Although caspase-1 concentration in the lysate of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was higher than serum among patients and controls (p<0.001), no significant difference was found in cellular levels of caspase-1 between the two groups. There was no significant difference in serum levels of IL-18 and IL-1β between patients and controls. In this study, we found an elevation of extracellular caspase-1, as a reflection of its intracellular level, in the serum of RRMS patients during the relapse phase. Therefore, it suggests being a suitable peripheral biomarker of disease activity in multiple sclerosis. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/2528

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 19 5 2020 10 18 484 496 EN Nishtman Heidari Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran AND Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Mobin Mohammadi Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran AND Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Mohammad Ali Rezaee Zoonosis Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran AND Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Abbas Ali Amini Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran AND Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Shohreh Fakhari Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran AND Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Mohammad Rahmani Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran AND Zoonosis Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2019 09 04 2020 06 22 Co-inhibitory molecules modulate immune responses. Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) turn them into ideal candidates for cell therapy. This study was designed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on inflammatory environment of a co-culture of allogenic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (twMLR) setting. ASCs were co-cultured with allogenic PBMCs in twMLR setting for four days. The proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), levels of interleukin (IL)-10, and expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), B7-1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), +, and CD200R1 genes, as well as cell surface expression of CD200 and CD200R1, were measured in twMLR as control, and co-culture groups on days 0, 2 and 4 of the experiment. The proliferation of PBMCs was suppressed on days 2 and 4 of co-culture. The expression of CD200 (p=0.014), CD200R1, CTLA-4, and PD1 genes increased on days 2 and 4 of the co-culture compared to twMLR. CD200 expressing PBMCs decreased by 1.75% on day 2 of the co-culture but increased by 6.23% on day 4 of the co-culture (p=0.013) compared to the same days of twMLR. IL-10 levels increased in the co-culture supernatants on days 2 and 4 compared to twMLR (p<0.05). Our results showed that ASCs upregulate the CD200/CD200R1 axis more than PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4/B7-1 pathways in the twMLR. Also, elevated expression of CD200R1 in the final day of co-culture was similar to PD-1 expression pattern. This finding suggests a role for the CD200/