Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 4 1 2005 03 15 27 32 Shahindokht Bassiri Jahromi Ali Asghar Khaksar 2015 10 01 During the last two decades or so, the incidence of fungal infections has increased dramatically. Deep- seated mycoses are creating serious problems for clinicians working with certain populations of patients, such as those with cancer, the immunocompromised, and physiologically compromised. A study of fungal isolated for identification of deep fungal infections, risk factors and etiologic agents in immunocompromised patients was carried out in the section of Medical Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran from 1994 to 2001. Eighty two immunosupressed patients with deep fungal infection were retrospectively analyzed for etiology and risk factors. They had one or more predisposing factors to disseminated fungal infections. Diagnosis was established by demonstration of fungus in direct and cultural examinations. Candida spp. were isolated in 67% (36.5% C. albicans and 30.5% non-albincans), and Aspergillus spp. were isolated in 15% of cases. The most frequent risk factors were hematologic malignancy (ALL, lymphoma, Hodgkin, multiple myeloma) and diabetes mellitus. This study suggests that in immunocompromised patients, fungal infections especially in saprophytic infections, back ground evaluation and clinical features, correspondence of clinical symptoms and laboratory examinations should be considered and investigation of other factors which created the infection will lead us to a clear picture of patients situation. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/96 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/96/96