Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 15 6 2017 12 30 476 486 EN Zahra Arefnasab California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University, California, USA Abdolreza Babamahmoodi Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farhang Babamahmoodi Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Ahmad Ali Noorbala Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Alipour Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Yunes Panahi Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jamal Shams Department of Psychiatry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farhad Riazi Rad Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Vahid Khaze Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Ghanei Chemical Injuries Research Center,Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2016 02 11 2016 08 03 Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a treatment program for relieving stress and coping with chronic illnesses. In recent three decades, studies have shown that MBSR has a positive effect on physical and psychological dimensions of chronic illnesses. Chemically pulmonary injured veterans have chronic pulmonary and psychological problems due to mustard gas exposure and complications of Iran-Iraq war. These stresses have negative effects on their general health and immune system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted on psychoneuroimmunology and MBSR in these patients. Forty male pulmonary injured veterans were randomly divided in two groups with 20 participants (MBSR and wait-list control). Then MBSR group received 8 weekly sessions of intervention. We tested mental health based on general health questionnaire (GHQ)-28 questionnaire, health-related quality of life (based on St. George respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) ) and immunity in MBSR groups; before and after intervention "mixed factorial analyses of variance" test was used for analyzing data fpr each dependent variable and appropriate t-tests were done in The necessary condition. Results showed that mental health and health- related quality of life, in MBSR group compared to wait-list control improved [F (1,38)=26.46, p<0.001; F (1,38)=49.52, p<0.001 respectively] significantly.  Moreover, a significant increase was reported in the lymphocyte proliferation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) [F (1,38)=16.24, p<0.001], and peripheral blood IL-17 [F (1,38)=56.71, p<0.001] However, lymphocyte (CD4+, CD8+, and NK-cell) percentages were not affected significantly [F (1,38)=2.21, p=0.14] ,[F (1,38)=0.90, p=0.78] and [F (1,38)=1.79, p=0.18], respectively. This study suggests that MBSR may be a new treatment approach for improving immunity and overall health in chemically pulmonary injured veterans. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/817 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/817/691