Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 12 4 2013 12 15 292 303 EN Abbas Mirshafiey Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahsa Kianiaslani Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 16 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent episodes of demyelination and axonal lesion mediated by CD4+ T cells with a proinflammatory T helper (Th)1 and Th17 phenotypes, macrophages, and soluble inflammatory mediators. The overactive  pro-inflammatory  Th1  cells  and  clonal  expansion  of  B  cells  initiate  an inflammatory cascade with several cellular and molecular immune components participating in MS pathogenic mechanisms. In this scenario, autoantibodies and autoantigens have a significant role in immunopathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic targets of MS. In this review, we try to introduce the autoantigens and autoantibodies and explain their roles in pathogenesis of MS. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/498 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/498/546