Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 12 4 2013 12 15 368 376 EN Farzaneh Rezazadeh Marznaki Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Raheleh Shakeri Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Sussan Kaboudanian Ardestani Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Azar Tahghighi Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Foroumadi Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 16 It  was recently demonstrated that 5-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazoles  with piperazinyl-linked benzamidine substituents are effective in vitro against Leishmania major. Following on this evidence, we used colorimetric assay of acid phosphatase activity in the promastigotes  as  an  indicator  for  cell  viability.  Also  we  studied  the  effect  of  these compounds on induction of nitric oxide (NO) in macrophage and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lymphocyte that have important role in activation of immune response against Leishmania and elimination of parasite. Results showed that these compounds decrease the viability of the parasite and increase ROS and NO production in lymphocyte and macrophage respectively. These compounds can induce parasite killing, directly by decreasing the parasite viability and indirectly by exhibiting a significant increase on immune system. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/490 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/490/554