Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 0 0 2026 07 03 1 15 Shun Zhang Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China Yuanmin Hu Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China Jinjun Zhu Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China Qun Lv Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China Yawen Zhu Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China Jia Huang Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China 2026 03 06 2026 04 28 Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains one of the most severe stroke subtypes and requires continuous risk assessment across the acute, subacute, and rehabilitation-transition phases. This review summarizes established and emerging immune-related circulating biomarkers and discusses their relevance to nursing management and prognostic assessment. Markers with the highest current clinical readiness include peripheral blood cell counts and derived ratios, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT), whereas cytokines, chemokines, broader immunometabolic mediators, and neuroinjury-inflammation cross-over markers remain mainly investigational. On the basis of the revised synthesis, we propose a stage-specific monitoring framework that emphasizes sampling at admission, approximately 24 hours, approximately 72 hours, and at clinically triggered reassessment points, together with interpretation of trajectories rather than isolated values. We further outline practice-oriented nursing scenarios in which biomarker trends may support escalation of neurologic observation, infection surveillance, airway care, glucose and nutrition management, structured handoff communication, and multidisciplinary coordination. Current evidence suggests that routinely available biomarkers may add value as adjunctive monitoring tools, but the literature remains limited by observational designs, heterogeneous assay platforms, inconsistent sampling windows, variable endpoints, incomplete confounder control, and uncertain action thresholds. At present, biomarkers should complement rather than replace imaging, neurological examination, and bedside nursing assessment. Future prospective studies should prioritize standardized sampling, trajectory-based analyses, integration into nursing workflows, and clinically interpretable multimodal models. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4772 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4772/2361