Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 0 0 2026 08 15 1 7 Elnaz Askari Anaraki Department of Pediatric Dentistry, TeMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mohaddeseh Mirgaloy Bayat School of Dentistry, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Donya Alinejhad Pedodontist, Private Practice, Tehran, Iran Mehrsa Paryab Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran MohammadJavad Kharazifard Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 12 23 2026 05 09 Cow’s milk protein allergy is the most common type of food allergy in the first year of life, in which the child’s dairy consumption should be limited, and it can have a significant impact on dental health. This study aimed to assess the frequency of dental caries in children with cow’s milk protein allergy and t to examine he relationship between this outcome and cow’s milk protein allergy. In this matched case-control study, 51 children aged 2 to 6 years with cow’s milk protein allergy, and 51 healthy children were studied in 2 groups. A questionnaire regarding general information, socioeconomic status, health conditions, habits, nutritional information, dental history, and oral hygiene was completed for all children by asking their parents. Dental examinations were also performed, and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index was calculated. The Wilcoxon signed-rank and McNemar tests were used for statistical analyses, at a significance level of 0.05. The mean dmft score was 5.74±5.55 in children with cow’s milk protein allergy and 1.92±2.55 in the control group. A significant relationship existed between cow’s milk protein allergy and increased frequency of dental caries. Also, the number of caries-free children was significantly lower in the group with cow’s milk allergy. Given the significant impact of dairy consumption in the early years of life on dental health, it seems necessary to implement more serious caries prevention measures, such as fluoride therapy and follow-up sessions, in children with cow’s milk protein allergy. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4712 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4712/2387