Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 0 0 2026 08 15 1 8 Sajad Dehnavi Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Mohsen Ghoryani Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran Farhad Faridhosseini Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Hadi Zare Marzouni Department of Nursing, Qaen School of Medical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Mojgan Mohammadi Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2025 11 22 2026 05 21 This study investigated the gene expression of t-bet, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), GATA3, interleukin-4 (IL-4), RoRγt, IL-17, Foxp3, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as transcription factors and associated cytokines of T-cell subsets, and nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3), P2X7R, IL-1β, and IL-18 as inflammasome complex-related factors in bipolar disorder (BD) cases compared to healthy controls (HCs). Whole blood was collected from 48 BD patients and 48 HCs. RNA was then extracted, cDNA was synthesized, and gene expression was assessed using SYBR® Green real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers. P2X7R expression was significantly higher in BD patients than in HCs. Additionally, GATA3 and Foxp3 expression levels were significantly lower, and IL-17 expression levels were significantly higher in BD patients than in HCs. In conclusion, higher levels of inflammation-associated factors and a deregulated balance of T-cell subsets toward a pro-inflammatory status could highlight the importance and involvement of inflammation in the immunopathogenesis of BD. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4672