Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 0 0 2026 09 20 1 17 Junfeng Niu Department of Rehabilitation, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China Qiaoyi Cui Department of Rehabilitation, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China Ming Li Department of Rehabilitation, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China Yubin Liu Department of Rehabilitation, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China 2025 10 17 2026 06 19 Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological trauma causing permanent functional impairments. This retrospective study (2022-2024) of 80 SCI patients examined dynamic protein changes during neural repair and their link to peripheral inflammatory mediators. Before and at 2 and 4 weeks after treatment, patients' spinal cord function was assessed with the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale. Motor nerve conduction velocities (MCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocities (SCV) were measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), alongside neurotrophic factors basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4). Patients' self-care abilities were evaluated with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scale and quality of life with the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version (WHO-QOL-BREF) scale. During treatment, ASIA sensory and motor scores improved significantly. MCV and SCV of median, ulnar, tibial, and common peroneal nerves increased significantly. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α decreased significantly, while the serum levels of neurotrophic factors bFGF, mBDNF, NT-3, and NT-4 increased significantly. There was a significant negative correlation between pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors at 2 and 4 weeks after treatment, which was stronger at 4 weeks. FIM and WHO-QOL-BREF scores also improved significantly with treatment time. These findings suggest a close interaction between the dynamic changes in key proteins and systemic inflammatory profiles during neural repair after SCI.  https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4631 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4631/2425