Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 13 3 2014 06 15 166 173 EN Marzieh Tavakol Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Kouhi Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir Alam Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hassan Abolhassani Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at the Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. Alireza Ghajar Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohsen Afarideh Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shervin Shahinpour Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Asghar Aghamohammadi Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 The  main  clinical presentation  of  patients  with  primary antibody  deficiency (PAD) incorporates upper respiratory tract infections comprising otitis media, sinusitis and pneumonia.  This  study  was  designed  to  investigate clinical and  paraclinical otological complications in major types of PAD.  A cross sectional study was conducted on 55 PAD patients with diagnosis of selective IgA deficiency, common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), and hyper IgM syndrome. All patients underwent otological examinations, audiometry, and auditory brain stem response.  Otological complications were detected in 54.5% of PAD patients. Conductive hearing loss was the main finding amongst PID patients (73.3%) followed by sensorineural hearing loss which was present in 8 cases. Otitis media with effusion (21.8%), chronic otitis media (27.2%), tympanosclerosis with intact tympanic membrane (5.4%) and auditory neuropathy (3.6%)  were  most   important   found complications.  CVID   and   XLA  patients   with prophylactic usage of antibiotics had lower rate of audiological complications (p=0.04) and otitis media with effusion (p=0.027). As our results showed, asymptomatic otological findings were not rare in PAD patients; therefore, a systematic otological investigation is recommended as an integral part of the management and follow-up of these patients. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/460 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/460/377