Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 0 0 2026 04 30 1 17 Yonghui Zou Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China Yanqiu Wang Department of Anesthesia and Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China Degao Liu Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China Changzhong Li Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, The People’s Hospital of Pingyi County, Linyi, Shandong, China Changling Li Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, The People’s Hospital of Pingyi County, Linyi, Shandong, China 2025 08 07 2025 12 01 High risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) induced cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1) is a low-grade lesion closely associated with persistent viral infection, and clinical management remains challenging. This study aimed to investigate clinical efficacy and immune response of recombinant human interferon α2b vaginal effervescent tablets in CIN1 caused by HR-HPV. In a retrospective study, 60 patients with HR-HPV and diagnosed with CIN1 from Shandong Provincial Hospital between December 2023 and December 2024 were divided into CT (n=30) and CR (n=30) groups, both groups were treated with conventional therapy, and recombinant human interferon α2b vaginal effervescent tablets were added to the CR group. The main assessment of both groups were inflammatory factor indicators, immune indicators, vaginal microenvironmental factors [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) positivity, sialidase (SNA) positivity, leukocyte esterase (LE) positivity, N-acetylaminogalactosidase (NAG) positivity], HR-HPV conversion rate and clinical efficacy. Secondary outcomes included life quality scores, complication and adverse effect rates. After treatment, the indicators of both groups were significantly different from the pre-treatment. The changes in inflammatory indicators, immune indicators, SNA positivity rate, LE positivity rate, HR-HPV conversion rate, clinical efficacy, life quality, complications, and adverse reactions in the CR group were better than those in the CT group. No marked discrepancy was found in the comparison of H2O2 positivity rate and NAG positivity rate between both groups. Recombinant human interferon α2b vaginal effervescent tablets have significant therapeutic effects, as they alleviate inflammatory reactions, regulate immune indicators, and are worthy of clinical application and promotion. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4540 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4540/2334