Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 0 0 2026 04 16 1 16 EN Reyhaneh Sowti Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Farzad Najafipour Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Sevil Ghaffarzadeh Rad Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Hakimeh Ghorbani Department of Medical Biotechnology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran Halimeh Amirazad Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2025 04 12 2025 12 01 The management of treatment strategies in COVID-19 is critical, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. Non-enzymatic glycation of transmembrane protease serine 2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 during COVID-19 in patients with diabetes may exacerbate immune dysregulation and inflammation. Elevated inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, and IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 have been observed in COVID-19 patients. This review aims to assess the relationship between inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, and micronutrients (vitamins D and C, zinc, and copper) with the severity of COVID-19 infection in patients with type 2 diabetes. A narrative review was conducted through a comprehensive literature search of English-language articles published between 2000 and 2025. The databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, the ISI Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase. Search terms included COVID-19, infections, type 2 diabetes mellitus, interleukins, and micronutrients. English-language scientific articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included, while studies lacking sufficient information, letters, comments, and editorials were excluded. Evidence suggests that immune-boosting components such as proteins, vitamins, and minerals can enhance immunity to infections. Vitamins D and C, zinc, and copper play supportive roles in immune function, potentially modulating the inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes. High levels of inflammatory cytokines correlate with increased disease severity in this population. Understanding the interplay between inflammatory markers and micronutrients may guide improved therapeutic strategies for managing COVID-19 in diabetic patients. Further research is warranted to clarify these relationships and optimize clinical outcomes. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4416 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4416/2327