Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 24 6 2025 10 29 834 850 Mi Xiang Department of Obstetrics, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Yi Yu Department of Obstetrics, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Qin Gao Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Jie Xing Department of Obstetrics, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 2025 01 08 2025 04 19 MicroRNA (miR)-425-5p is used as a molecular biomarker to identify cervical cancer (CxCa). However, few studies have examined the miR-425-5p-based modulation of the vital activities of CxCa cells. The levels of neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1) and miR-425-5p in CxCa tissues and cells were tested using western blot and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) tests. CxCa cells’ malignant phenotype was examined through clone formation tests, and transwell tests. CD8+T cells were co-cultured with CxCa cells and then analyzed for apoptosis rates and the expression of activation proteins (granzyme B (GZMB) and perforin) as well as immune factors (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)) using flow cytometry, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Finally, in nude mouse experiments, the tumor size was measured for subcutaneous tumors, and the expression of CD8+T cell-related factors was detected. The NCAM1 and miR-425-5p were down-regulated and up-regulated in CxCa tissue and cells, respectively. After silencing miR-425-5p, CxCa cells showed attenuation in vitality, clone formation rate, and their capacities to migrate, penetrate, and evade immune responses. NCAM1 was targeted and silenced by miR-425-5p. When NCAM1 was silenced, it partially counteracted miR-425-5p’s inhibitory effects on the immune escape and proliferation. In nude mice, the tumor size and weight decreased after silencing miR-425-5p, and levels of CD8, IFN-γ, TNF-α, perforin, and GZMB were elevated. However, these changes were reversed when NCAM1 was silenced. In conclusion, miR-425-5p mediates the biological behavior and immune evasion of CxCa cells by regulating NCAM1. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4302 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4302/2250