Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 13 6 2014 12 15 453 455 EN Amel Chaabane Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia. Najah Ben Fadhel Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia. Zohra Chadli Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia. Nadia Ben Fredj Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia. Naceur A Boughattas Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia. Karim Aouam Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia. 2015 10 16 We describe, the first case of phenobarbital-induced DRESS syndrome presenting as a lichenoïd eruption. A 49-year-old man had received phenobarbital for a cerebral metastasis. Twenty-five days later, he developed a purplish skin eruption, odynophagia, oral mucosal erosion and fever. Physical examination revealed a cervical lymphadenopathy and facial edema associated to a diffuse violaceous maculo-papular itchy rash. Laboratory findings showed a 1200/mm³ eosinophil's cell count. Alanine aminotransferase was 169 IU/l. Lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine phosphokinase were at 768 and 90 IU/l, respectively. All symptoms resolved completely five weeks after phenobarbital withdrawal. Few days later, the patient died because of a cardio-respiratory arrest. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/420 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/420/417