Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 0 0 2026 02 20 1 9 EN Saeede Amani Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Respiratory Immunology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Basic Science, Ka.C, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Babak Salimi Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RTCO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahrzad Ahmadi Respiratory Immunology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Mabani Research Center of Thoracic Oncology (RTCO), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ian Adcock Respiratory Section, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom Esmaeil Mortaz Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Respiratory Immunology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 05 25 2025 10 17 MicroRNAs (miRs) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis of cancer, including non-small-cell lung cancer. The purpose of this present study was to investigate the correlation between ‎MIR141‎ expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum levels of interleukins (IL-6 and IL-8) and CXCL10 in non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Forty-six patients diagnosed with primary non-small-cell lung cancer and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited in this prospective cohort study. Two 3-mL samples of systemic blood were collected into tubes either containing or without an anticoagulant from all patients before treatment and from healthy controls. PBMCs were isolated, total RNA extracted, and microRNA expression measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Serum cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MIR141‎ expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly higher in non-small-cell lung cancer patients (4.124 [3.259–4.944]) compared to healthy controls (2.181 [1.036–2.946]). The area under the Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, AUC for MIR141,‎ was 0.695 (95% CI, 0.603–0.787), indicating statistically significant diagnostic performance. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL10 were also markedly elevated in non-small-cell lung cancer patients compared to healthy controls. Increased expression of MIR141 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with non-small-cell lung cancer and elevated systemic inflammatory mediators. These findings suggest that peripheral blood MIR141 may serve as a promising non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of non-small-cell lung cancer. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4184 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4184/2312