Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 23 6 2024 12 29 753 758 EN Mansour Dabirzadeh Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Mohsen Ghoryani Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran Javad Poursamimi Department Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran AND Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Bahman Fouladi Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran 2024 05 19 2024 07 08 Cytokines play an essential role in regulating the interaction of immune cells in diabetes and infections such as toxoplasmosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus with toxoplasmosis, and to explore their inter-relationship. Forty patients with diabetes mellitus, including 20 with type 1 and 20 with type 2, as well as 20 healthy subjects, voluntarily participated in the study. Each subject provided 5 mL of peripheral blood for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who also had toxoplasmosis showed a significant increase in TGF-β levels and a decrease in IL-6 levels. In contrast, patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus displayed a slight increase in IL-6 and IL-17 levels compared to both the patients with type 2 diabetes and the healthy control group. Our findings show an increase in TGF-β and a decrease in IL-6, which may suggest a reduction in inflammation and beta cell destruction in individuals with type 2 diabetes and toxoplasmosis. The elevated serum levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in individuals with type 1 diabetes further support the exacerbation of inflammation. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/4112 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/4112/2102