Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 14 2 2015 04 15 208 216 EN Seyed Javad Hasheminia Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahre Kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahre Kord, Iran AND Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Sepideh Tolouei Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Sayyed Hamid Zarkesh-Esfahani Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Vahid Shaygannejad Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Hedaiat Allah Shirzad Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahre Kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahre Kord, Iran. Reza Torabi Department of English, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Morteza Hashem Zadeh Chaloshtory Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahre Kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahre Kord, Iran. 2015 10 16 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterized by multiple areas of inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration. Infiltrating Th1 CD4+ T cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines. They stimulate the release of some cytokines, expression of adhesion molecules and these cytokines may cause damage to the myelin sheath and axons. In this study, we analyzed plasma levels and gene expressions of five important cytokines in the new diagnosed MS Patients by ELISA and Real time PCR. PCR amplifications were performed to determine the IL-17, IL-23, IL-10, IL-27 and TGF-β mRNA expression levels using the SYBR Green PCR Kit. Our results showed significant decrease in IL-10, IL-27 and TGF-β but there was no significant difference in the IL-17 and IL-23 between patients and healthy controls. Altogether, our results indicated that dysregulation of cytokines, mainly increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased expression of inhibitory cytokines occurred in MS patients. This study may shed light to the probable role of these cytokines in neurodegeneration mechanism and current or future use of cytokines in managing and treatment of multiple sclerosis. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/393 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/393/444