Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 23 1 2024 02 11 1 28 Marziyeh Soltani Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Yousef Mirzaei Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq Ali Hussein Mer Department of Nursing, Mergasour Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq Mina Mohammad-Rezaei Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Shafaghat Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soheila Fattahi Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Fatemeh Azadegan-Dehkordi Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Meghdad Abdollahpour-Alitappeh Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran Nader Bagheri Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran 2023 07 27 2023 09 21 Schizophrenia is one of the most severely debilitating mental disorders that affects 1.1% of the world's population. The exact cause of the disease is not known, but genetics, environmental factors (such as infectious agents, season and region of birth, exposure to viruses, low birth weight, advanced paternal age, and tobacco), and immune system dysfunction can all contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Recently, the role of the immune system in schizophrenia has received much attention. Both acquired and innate immune systems are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and facilitate the disease's progression. Almost all cells of the immune system including microglia, B cells, and T cells play an important role in the blood-brain barrier damage, inflammation, and in the progression of this disease. In schizophrenia, the integrity of the blood-brain barrier is reduced and then the immune cells are recruited into the endothelium following an increase in the expression of cell adhesion molecules. The entry of immune cells and cytokines leads to inflammation and antibody production in the brain. Accordingly, the results of this study strengthen the hypothesis that the innate and acquired immune systems are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3889 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3889/1997