Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 22 6 2023 12 28 512 526 EN Reza Dabbaghipour Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Elham Ahmadi Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mona Entezam Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Omid Rahbar Farzam Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Amir Baghbanzadeh Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Ali Saber Sichani 3 Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA Nazila Jalilzadeh Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mahdi Jafarlou Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Behzad Baradaran Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2023 04 05 2023 09 18 Scientific research over the past decades has proven the pivotal role of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) in regulating gene expression. The immune responses are controlled through the interaction of pro-inflammatory (predominance of T helper 17 cells (Th17)) and anti-inflammatory cytokines excretion (predominance of Regulatory T cells (Treg)). Recent studies have marked the impact of many diverse LncRNAs on Treg/Th17 imbalances. Moreover, some of the roots and causes of human diseases can be associated with the alterations in the Th17/Treg ratio. In this review study, we overviewed the association between LncRNAs and Th17/Treg, with the potential of providing novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets in various diseases, particularly cancer.  https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3806 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3806/2005