Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 20 6 2021 12 08 740 750 Shermineh Heydari Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Ladan Kashani Infertility Ward, Arash Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehrdad Noruzinia Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2021 02 07 2021 05 30 Endometriosis is a common, chronic, inflammatory disorder in women, characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus cavity. The disease affects ~10% of women during their reproductive age. There is some debates on the pathogenesis of endometriosis and its mechanism among the scientists; therefore, different hypotheses have been suggested. According to Sampson theory, a possible mechanism for seeding ectopic endometriotic lesions is a dysregulation of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs). In the present study, we evaluated the expression of candidate genes in eMSCs obtained from endometriosis patients and compared them with non-endometriosis female patients. In addition, a bioinformatic analysis was conducted to uncover the genes in the list of our co-expression gene network in endometriosis. According to our results, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A, C-X-C-motif chemokine ligand 8, interleukin-6, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 genes were up-regulated in the eMSCs isolated from endometriosis patients. There was no significant difference in the expression of the LaminB1 gene between the endometriosis and non-endometriosis patients. On the other hand, our bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that co-expressed genes were enriched in the cytokine signalling pathway. Our study provides valuable insights into the gene expression dysregulation in eMSCs derived from endometriosis patients and suggests a possible function for co-expressed networks in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. To confirm the results, more investigations are required. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/3119 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/3119/1744