Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 21 1 2022 02 06 20 26 EN Zahra Ahmadnia Department of Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Mohammad Ranaee 2 Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Rouzbeh Mohammadi Abandansari 2 Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Nader Bagheri Department of Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Hedayatollah Shirzad Department of Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran 2020 11 28 2021 08 07 Interleukin (IL)-35 and IL-37 are two anti-inflammatory cytokines. IL-35 inhibits the development of T-effector cells such as Th1, and Th17; while increasing regulatory T cells (Tregs). IL-37 causes the suppression of inflammatory cytokines. Regarding the positive impact of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on inflammation and considering the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-35 and IL-37, this study aimed to evaluate the expression of these two cytokines in H. pylori-infected patients with gastrointestinal problems. The case group consisted of H. pylori-infected individuals with gastric ulcer and/or gastritis (n=50) and the control group consisted of cases with gastric ulcer and/or gastritis non-H. pylori-infected (n=50). Sampling and classification of patients were based on pathology findings. A real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for evaluating the IL-35 and IL-37 expression levels. pylori-infected gastritis patients showed lower expression of IL-35 and IL-37 than the non-infected group. There was a significant difference between the expression levels of IL-35 and IL-37 in patients with gastric ulcers and/or gastritis who were infected and non-infected by H. pylori. There were no significant differences in the expression level of IL-35 and IL-37 in H. pylori-infected patients with gastric ulcer or gastritis. Interleukins 37 and 35 were less expressed in patients with H. pylori-infection. In differentiation between patients with gastrointestinal symptoms who have H. pylori infection or with similar symptoms who do not have H. pylori-infection, mentioned interleukins can be used as diagnostic markers. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/2996 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/2996/1789