Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 20 5 2021 09 28 563 573 Arezou Lari Systems Biomedicine Unit, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AND Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Gholami Pourbadie Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Ali Sharifi-Zarchi Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Saeed Aslani Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Leila Nejatbakhsh Samimi Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmadreza Jamshidi Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Mahmoudi Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 08 12 2021 04 06 Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a systemic inflammatory disorder of joints and entheses. Recent studies have reported an increased prevalence of dementia in AS patients. However, data for exploring the association between dementia and AS remain uncertain. In this study, enriched pathways and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in whole blood transcription data of AS patients obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database; using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and differential expression analysis. Four pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases were significantly enriched in AS patients compared to the controls. We identified 22 common genes among the pathways that showed an increasing trend in AS compared to the controls. Five of them including COX7B, NDUFB3, ATP5PF, UQCRB, and NDUFS4 were the most significant genes which were selected for gene expression analysis; using real-time PCR on RNA contents of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of AS patients and controls (20 samples from each group). The gene expression analysis indicated considerable overexpression of COX7B (p<0.0001) and ATP5J (p=0.0001) genes in AS patients group in comparison to the control samples. The role of oxidative phosphorylation has previously been established in dementia pathogenesis. Given that AS patients have also a remarkably higher prevalence of dementia than the their healthy counterparts, hence our results may propose that the common pathway of oxidative phosphorylation can be regarded as a possible shared contributing factor in the etiopathogenesis of AS and dementia. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/2934 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/2934/1729