Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 19 6 2020 12 19 640 646 Abdollah Jafarzadeh Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Maryam Hadavi Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran AND Department of Anesthesiology, Paramedical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Gholamhossein Hasanshahi Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran AND Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Mohsen Rezaeian Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Occupational Environmental Research Center, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Reza Vazirinejad Department of Social Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Ali Sarkoohi Department of Anesthesiology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Fariba Aminzadeh Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran 2020 06 04 2020 08 15 Cesarean section (CS) is an important challenge for a pregnant woman and her newborn. The most common anesthesia techniques used for CS are general anesthesia (GA) and spinal anesthesia (SA). This study was designed to compare the modulation of genes whose expression level is indicative of the immune system following exposure to GA and SA. The present study was performed on 40 women who were scheduled for elective CS receiving GA or SA. The expression levels of the relative mRNA of Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, Interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor growth factor (TGF)-β before anesthesia (T0) and 24 hours post-anesthesia (T1) were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique.  Twenty-four hours post-anesthesia, the expression levels of IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-γ genes were decreased while the expressions of IL-4, IL-6, and TGF-β genes were upregulated in two groups, however, the differences were not significant. The mRNA level of IL-4 was increased in the SA group significantly. The post-CS mRNA levels of IL-4 in the SA group may indicate that SA is more appropriate than GA for the initiation of tissue repair pathways. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/2851