Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 19 1 2020 02 01 56 64 Shahla Danaii Department of Gynecology, Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART Center, Eastern Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR, Tabriz, Iran Sadaf Shiri Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Sanam Dolati Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Majid Ahmadi Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Leila Ghahremani-Nasab Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical, Tabriz, Iran Atefeh Amiri Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Amin Kamrani Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Hossein Samadi Kafil Department of Microbiology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Forough Chakari-Khiavi Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Aida Malek Mahdavi Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Amir Mehdizadeh Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Comprehensive Health Lab, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Mehdi Yousefi Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2019 09 18 2019 10 30 Slow coronary flow (SCF) is a coronary artery disorder. Several inflammatory mediators have been reported to be associated with vascular homeostasis and endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cytokines and miRNAs in patients with SCF compared to the controls. In this regard, blood samples were acquired from 45 SCF patients and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated. Expression levels of miRNAs and cytokines in PBMCs were measured by real-time PCR. As a final point, serum levels of cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Expression levels of miR-1, miR-133, miR-208a, miR-206, miR-17, miR-29, miR-223, miR-326, and miR-155 as considerable indicators of inflammatory function significantly increased in SCF patients while the expression levels of miR-15a, miR-21, miR-25, miR-126, miR-17, miR-16 and miR-18a as considerable indicators of anti-inflammatory function significantly decreased in patients with SCF compared to the control group. Additionally, serum IL-1β, IL‐8, and TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher in the SCF group than controls. However, no significant differences were observed in IL-10 production in SCF patients compared to the controls. This study provided the potential role of miRNAs as biomarkers for SCF diagnosis as well as suitable markers for monitoring coronary artery disease (CAD) development in these patients. More investigations are still necessary to unravel the detailed essential mechanisms of circulating miRNA levels in patients with heart failure and SCF. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/2531