Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 18 6 2019 10 30 605 614 EN Ümüş Özbey Department of Nutrition and Diet, Health Science Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Aslı Uçar Department of Nutrition and Diet, Health Science Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Nitin Shivappa Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, U.S.A AND Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, U.S.A James R Hebert Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, U.S.A AND Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, U.S.A 2018 12 06 2019 06 23 This cross-sectional study evaluates the relationship of the dietary inflammatory index (DII), a novel tool developed to measure the inflammatory capacity of a diet, with pulmonary functions and asthma control test (ACT) scores in asthmatic individuals. The study included 120 patients who were diagnosed with asthma for at least one year.  The anthropometric measurements, one-day long nutrition uptake records, pulmonary function tests, and ACT scores of the respondents were recorded and compared according to categories of the DII which was calculated from 24- hour recalls. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and ACT scores decreased with increasing DII tertiles (p<0.05). The total energy, carbohydrate, fat, and saturated fat uptake of the participants increased in parallel to DII (p<0.05); while vitamin A, C, and E uptakes, on the other hand, decreased as DII increased (p=0.0001). In conclusion, an increase in the inflammatory potential of diet among asthmatics decreases pulmonary functions and asthma control. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/2215