Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 18 3 2019 06 08 340 345 EN Mohammad Tajdini Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Effatpanah Ziaean Hospital, School of Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Majid Zaki-Dizaji Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoud Movahedi Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nima Parvaneh Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mansoureh Shariat Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Gharagozlou Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 05 31 2018 11 18 Asthma is a common respiratory disease with huge economic burden leading to activity limitations, morbidity, and mortality. In this study, we aim to investigate the prevalence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) among children with asthma. This case-control study was performed in a pediatric referral health care center(Children's Medical CenterinTehran University of Medical Sciences) in 2017.With random selection, the 80 children with asthma and 92 controls with age range of 5 to 11 years were enrolled in this study. In addition to the demographic information and family history of allergy, asthma symptoms, and control quality evaluated with a validated Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT). The mode of measurement for ADHD, ODD and CD was based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) psychiatric scales from clinical interviews conducted by child psychiatrists. Totally, 42.5% and 25% in the case and control groups had ADHD respectively withsignificant difference (p=0.01). Also, 25% and 5.4% in thecase and control groups had ODD respectively with significant difference (p=0.001). But conduct disorder was 10% and 10.9% in case and control groups respectively without significant difference (p=0.8). Children with asthma were associated with exhibiting ADHD and ODD but not CD. Therefore, appropriate evaluation and treatment are needed for asthmatic children with attention-deficit and ODD symptoms. Besides, further research is needed to determine the etiological approach towards ADHD, ODD and asthma. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/1976 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/1976/1413