Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 18 4 2019 08 17 412 418 EN Hossein Akbari Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Zahra Hooshyar Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Saeede Shabanitabar Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Ali Salmani Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Hassan Nikoueinejad Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behzad Einollahi Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 01 28 2019 01 26 Delayed graft function (DGF) is a transplant complication which means a need to dialysis throughout the first week after transplantation. This study aimed to ascertain the relationship between the two immunomodulatory factors of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL-2) with DGF after transplantation. This case-control study was done in 2 groups of 58 kidney transplant patients with and without DGF. The control group included the patients who didn’t show DGF symptoms. Then, serum levels of sFlt-1and sFGL-2 in all blood samples were measured by ELISA. Serum sFlt-1 and sFGL-2 levels were significantly higher in the DGF group compared to those in the control group (p≤0.001). sFlt-1 and sFGL-2 serum levels significantly affect DGF (p<0.001) in such a way that they may be diagnostic factors of DGF. This study showed a significant relationship between sFlt-1 as well as sFGL-2 and DGF. Therefore, plasma levels of sFlt-1 and sFGL-2 may be used as diagnostic tools to determine the risk of DGF. https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/1850 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/1850/1427