Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 1735-1502 16 5 2017 10 28 404 417 EN Do Hyun Kim Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Si Won Kim Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Soo Whan Kim Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Jun-Myung Kang Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea 2016 10 18 2017 05 06 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interleukin-37 (IL-37) on a Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f)-induced murine model of allergic rhinitis (AR). BALB/c mice, except the control groups, were sensitized intraperitoneally and challenged intranasally with Der f (Der f group). The IL-37 and IL-37+anti-CD25 groups were administered IL-37 intranasally. The IL-37+anti-CD25 groups were administered anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody intraperitoneally before challenge. Allergic symptoms and the average eosinophil number were counted. The levels of cytokines and transcription factors in the nasal mucosa were measured by Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting. The levels of Der f-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) were measured. The CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells among splenic mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The allergic symptom scores and Der f-specific IgE levels were lower in the IL-37 group compared to the Der f group. Additionally, the levels of the transcription factor GATA-3 and ROR-γt and those of the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17, representing both T helper (Th)2 and Th17 responses, were lower in the IL-37 group in comparison with the Der f group. However, the Th1 responsewas not suppressed after administration of IL-37. IL-37 increased the IL-10 level; however, Real-Time PCR, western blotting, and flow cytometry results showed the limited action of IL-37 on CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells. This study demonstrates that intranasal IL-37 can suppress Th2 and Th17 responses in an AR murine model. Furthermore, these data suggest that IL-10 is increased, but CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells are not correlated with the IL-37-induced mechanism.   https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/1104 https://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/download/1104/762